Term
| True or False: There are different incidence and pathogenesis in males and females for UTIs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is more serious: A bladder infection (cystitis) or a kidney infection (pyelonephritis) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For which organ does this anatomy and physiology explain: Supplied by the renal artery and vein; can become infected from the bloodstream via the artery or upward through the ureter |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the anatomy and physiology of the ureter |
|
Definition
| Peristalsis downward protects the kidneys from ascending infection |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the bladder? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who are more likely to have bacteria ascend into the urethra? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| <6 to inhibit many bacteria |
|
|
Term
| True or False: Urine contains a low level of antibiotics made by lymphocytes in the bladder, prostate, and kidneys |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can the bladder release into the urin if inflamed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the normal bacterial flora of the anterior urethra in males? |
|
Definition
| coagulase-negative staphylococci, diptheroids |
|
|
Term
| Lactobacillus and enterococci are the bacterial flora of the anterior urethra in a male or female? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: The upper urethra, bladder, prostate, and kidneys should all be sterile |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the pathogenesis of cystitis (community-acquried) in females |
|
Definition
| Intestinal tract flora contaminate the urethra. Those species able to grow in urine and adhere to the bladder (uropathogens) cause cystitis |
|
|
Term
| True or False: Having a catheter increases your risk of getting cysitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the pathogenesis of ascending pyelonephritis |
|
Definition
| Chronic or acute cystitis can eventually spread up the ureter, especially if the patient is dehydrated. |
|
|
Term
| What organism often causes pyelonephritis? |
|
Definition
| Often what caused the cystitis- E.coli |
|
|
Term
| Describe the pathogenesis of descending pyelonephritis |
|
Definition
| Bacteremia carries bacteria through the renal artery into the kidneys, gets in the glomerulus, start to abscess |
|
|
Term
| What causes descending pyelonephritis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 95% of cystitis cases are caused by what organism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Do kidney stones increase or decrease the incidence of pyelonephritis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is cystitis diagnosed |
|
Definition
| Obtain clean catch specimen, perform a urinalysis (a chemical and cellular examination, not a culture), urine culture |
|
|
Term
| How is a simple UTI treated |
|
Definition
| Assume it is E. coli, treatment empirically with trimethoprim/suflamethoxazole (78% susceptible), Keflex (90%), nitrofurantoin (94%) or fosfomycin |
|
|
Term
| How is a complicated UTI treated |
|
Definition
| Need a culture for susceptibility results, a stronger drug, longer duration |
|
|
Term
| How is pyelonephritis treated |
|
Definition
| With serious IV antibiotics |
|
|
Term
| What carries Leptospirosis? |
|
Definition
| Rodents and domestic animals, excreted in the urine |
|
|
