Term
| Who are most susceptible to death due to lower GI infections? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two mechanisms that cause lower GI infections? |
|
Definition
Toxin production; the microorganism does not invade
Invasion of the mucosa |
|
|
Term
| What are the signs and symptoms of both mechanisms? |
|
Definition
Toxin production - watery diarrhea
Invasion - bloody diarrhea, enteric fever, dysentery |
|
|
Term
| What is the pathogenesis of lower GI tract infections? |
|
Definition
| Prevent absorption, cause secretion, the patient becomes dehydrated |
|
|
Term
| What is the epidemiology of most enteric infections? |
|
Definition
| Fecal-oral; contaminated food or water |
|
|
Term
| While most agents do not have vaccines, which two do? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for lower GI tract infections? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Explain the epidemiology of Cholera |
|
Definition
| Vibrio cholerae is released into rivers in untreated sewage, marine shellfish in the brackish estuaries concentrate the bacteria |
|
|
Term
| Explain the pathogenesis of Cholera |
|
Definition
| V. cholerae produce choleratoxin, a classic exotoxin, causes the small intestine to secrete, rather than absorb fluid |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment of Cholera |
|
Definition
| Rehydration with oral rehydration solution, glucose and electrolytes in clean water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dr. John Snow in 1854 in London |
|
|
Term
| What are the four species of Shigella? |
|
Definition
| flexneri, boydii, sonnei, and dysenteriae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the pathogenesis of Shigella |
|
Definition
| Produces shigatoxin that causes secretion of fluids; invades large intestine, forms large lesions, bleeding and pus (bacillary dysentery) |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment of Shigella |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| enterotoxigenic, enteroinvasive, enteropathogenic, enterohemorhagic, shiga toxin-producing are examples of diseases caused by what bacteria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is Samonella usually spread |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the pathogenesis of Salmonella |
|
Definition
| No toxin; invades the ileum and large intestine, stops absorption. Can invade the blood; bacteremia (enteric fever, Typhoid fever) |
|
|
Term
| What is the 1st or 2nd most common bacterial stool pathogen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For what bacteria does this pathogenesis represent: Invades the ileum and large intestine; purulent bloody diarrhea |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three common bacterial food intoxication |
|
Definition
| Staphylococcus aureus, botulism, clostridium perfringens |
|
|
Term
| What causes "summer diarrhea", gastroenteritis (nausea, vomitting) within a few hours of eating |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This bacteria has endospores resistant to cooking, is a neurotoxin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is Clostridium perfringens found and what does it do |
|
Definition
| Found in the soil and animal intestine, causes cramps and diarrhea |
|
|
Term
| What age group and what time of year is Rotavirus very prevalent? |
|
Definition
| Children under 5; Feb and March |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common adult viral diarrhea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: All types of Hepatitis are related |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does hepatitis cause in the body? |
|
Definition
| inflammation of the liver, jaundice, loss of appetite |
|
|
Term
| Where is Giardia lamblia found and how is it spread? |
|
Definition
| In wild animals, acquired by drinking contaminated water with cysts |
|
|
Term
| Describe pathogenesis of Giardia |
|
Definition
| Trophozoites replicate in the intestine, latch onto the lumen, prevent absorption, cause gas and diarrhea |
|
|
Term
| Infections with this bacteria infect the intestinal epithelium and cause inflammation and diarrhea in immunocompromised patients |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Entamoeba histolytica causes ameic dysentery |
|
|
