Term
| True or False: The Upper GI tract is an open system that is constantly being exposed to new pathogens |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the functions of the upper GI tract? |
|
Definition
| Grind food, move it to the stomach, digest it, discharge it into the small intestines, absorb nutrients, and store residuals |
|
|
Term
| True or False: A healthy stomach is very susceptible to infection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common symptom of GI infection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is saliva produced by and what does it contain? |
|
Definition
| Produced by four sets of glands; contains amylase, lysozyme and lactoferrin |
|
|
Term
| What does the esophagus do? |
|
Definition
| Peristalsis move food down in swallowing |
|
|
Term
| What does the stomach do? |
|
Definition
| Mixes the food, secrets HCl and pepsin to decontaminate and digest food |
|
|
Term
| What is the stomach lined with and why is it lined? |
|
Definition
| Mucous to protect from acid |
|
|
Term
| What are the sections of the small intestine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the small intestine? |
|
Definition
| Secretes enzymes to digest food first, then abords digested nutrients |
|
|
Term
| What is the small intestine lined with and what is the function of the lining? |
|
Definition
| Villi and microvilli to increase surface area |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the liver and pancreas? |
|
Definition
| secretes digestive enzymes (and other functions) |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the large intestines? |
|
Definition
| absorbs fluids, inflammation causes diarrhea |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the rectum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the normal flora of the teeth? |
|
Definition
| Streptococcus sanguis, S. mutans, S. mitis |
|
|
Term
| S. Salivarius and Veillonella are the normal flora of what part of the GI tract? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the normal flora of the cheeks? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anaerobic organisms such as Bacteroides, Flusobacterium, and Porphyromonas are the normal flora of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is plaque made up of? |
|
Definition
| Biofilm of streptococci plus Veillonella, Actinomyces, Fusobacterium, Prevotella |
|
|
Term
| Acid-tolerant organisms like lactobacillus, enterococci, and yeasts are the normal flora of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the normal flora of the small intestine? |
|
Definition
| enterococci, enterobacteriaceae |
|
|
Term
| Enterococci, enterobacteriaceae plus anaerobes are the normal flora of what part of the GI tract? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the functions of the normal flora of the GI tract? |
|
Definition
| Produce vitamins, protect against invading pathogens |
|
|
Term
| True or false: The mouth is a good indicator of the patient's general health |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Oral infections are _____________ & __________________ |
|
Definition
| Polymicrobial;synergistic |
|
|
Term
| How are teeth protected from infection? |
|
Definition
| Physical flushing of saliva and tongue, buffering of saliva against acid, pellicle on teeth, secretory IgA in saliva |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Streptococcus mutans make lactic acid from the sugar ingested |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Plaque in the gingival crevice causes inflammation, an abscess forms in the crevice, tooth gets infected and eventually loosens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Infection travels down the tooth, abscess forms at the root |
|
|
Term
| A syngeristic infection including a spirochete causing necrosis of the gums is known as what? |
|
Definition
| Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis. AKA trench mouth/ Vincent's disease |
|
|
Term
| What bacteria causes Thrush? |
|
Definition
| Candida albicans infection of the oral mucosa |
|
|
Term
| What causes stomach ulcers? |
|
Definition
| Helicobacter pylori, a small gram negative curved bacterium |
|
|
Term
| What percent of US adults carry Helicobacter pylori gastritis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does Helicobacter pylori gastritis cause stomach ulcers? |
|
Definition
| Colonize the gastric mucosa, survive the acid by producing urease, splits ammonia from urea, raises the pH to neutral around the bacterium |
|
|
Term
| How does an outbreak of Herpes simplex last? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What percent of adults carry Herpes simplex in their facial nerves? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is Herpes simplex transmissible? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the steps of Herpes smplex? |
|
Definition
| Latent, prodromal, presore, vesicular lesion, crusting, healing |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for Herpes simplex? |
|
Definition
| Docosanol or prescription drugs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A respiratory-spread systemic virus in which the most prominent feature is parotitis |
|
|
Term
| True or False: In adults Mumps can cause sterility |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
