Term
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Definition
| An acute, spreading infection of the skin that extends into the subcutaneous tissues. Usually S. aureus or S. pyogenes |
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Term
| What are the symptoms of Cellulitus? |
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Definition
| local pain, redness, swelling, and tenderness. |
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Term
| Periorbital or facial cellulitus is often referred to as what? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A type of injury in which the skin is torn, cut, or punctured (open wound), or where blunt force trauma causes a contusion (closed wound). |
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Term
| Whether a wound becomes infected depends on what? |
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Definition
| number of pathogens, virulence of pathogens, status of the host defenses, and presence of foreign material. |
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Term
| Usually S. aureus, from extension of a wound infection or hematogenous. Difficult to treat. |
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Definition
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Term
| Bacteria adhere to joint and grow synovial fluid. Usually S. aureus, steptococci and N. gonorrhoeae |
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Definition
| Arthritis; joint infection |
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Term
| What are the five types of wounds? |
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Definition
| Burn, Incised (cut with sharp object), puncture, laceration (torn tissue), and contusion (crush). |
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Term
| Wounds can be caused by what? |
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Definition
| Wounds are breaks in skin (except contusion) causes by trauma, burns, surgery, or bites. |
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Term
| Pathogenisis of wound infections |
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Definition
| usually can heal quickly without infection, if they don't, can form assesses. |
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Term
| Wound can also result from what? |
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Definition
| Poor circulation without trauma. IE: Diabetes. |
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Term
| A closed cavity of living and dead microorganisms and phagocytic cells (pus). |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some characteristics of Abscess? |
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Definition
| Anaerobic, low pH, no blood flow to bring oxygen. Impossible to treat with antibiotics alone. |
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Term
| What are the 3 steps for wound repair? |
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Definition
1. Bleeding stops by clotting
2. Fibroblasts enter, form collagen and granulation tissue
3. Wound pulls together and filler from bottom up, unless abscess forms. |
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Term
| What are the four parts of wound treatment? |
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Definition
Debridement; remove all material and dead/dying tissue.
Cover wound after granulation is completed.
Restore circulation if compromised.
Drain abscesses surgically if present. |
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Term
| Infection of wounds depend on what several factors? If factors present then what? |
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Definition
Wounds expose tissue receptors (collagen, fibrin, etc)
Foreign material is preventing healing
Microbial contamination
Size of wound
Circulation
Abscess formation
-- no amount of antibiotics will prevent infection. |
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Term
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Definition
| Often found on feet due to poor circulation and loss of feeling. Increases trauma and reduces defense again infection. |
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Term
| How are diabetic wound prevented? |
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Definition
| Good foot car, glycemic control, sometime revascularization. |
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Term
| Surgical Site Wounds/ Infections |
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Definition
May be deep, extending into organ spaces.
Usually from damaged tissues, may result in dehiscenese. (incision does not heal closed, swelling pulls sutures back open) |
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Term
| Anaerobic Wound Infections |
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Definition
Low oxygen in tissue because of tissue crushing. Anaerobic bacteria present, causing tissue destruction, and gangrene.
Contusions may allow endogenous anaerobes from GI tract to enter and live in wound. |
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Term
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Definition
| most common wound pathogen, pyogenic (produces lots of purulence), produces many toxins and invasins, lots of inflammation, redness, fever, and pain. |
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Term
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Definition
Strictly aerobe (never found in abscesses)Normally found in soil and water. Infects burn and some surgical wounds. Causes endotoxin shock.
Treated with sulver sulfadiazine ointment |
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Term
| Coagulase negative staphylococci |
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Definition
| Usually S. epidermidis. Not as virulent as Sapthylococcus auereus but more common and likes to stick to plastic. Can cause small superficial suture infections. |
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Term
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Definition
| Many toxins and spreading factors, invasive, spreads in between the tissue layers. |
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Term
| Streptococcus pyogenes causes what? |
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Definition
| necrotizing faciitis (spreads along the fascia) and myositis ("felsh-eating infection" of muscle") |
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Term
| Treatment of Streptococcus pyogenes? |
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Definition
| Surgically removing all infected tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
Found in soil, traumation wound introduces endospores, they germinate in the wound making tetanospasmin toxin causing muscle spasms; tetanis.
Prevent by vaccination against tetanostoxin. |
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Term
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Definition
Exogenous GI tract anaerobes. Mostly Clostridum perfringens. Toxins quickly spread, kill the tissue and form gas.
Treatment=amputation. Anti-biotic are not enough. |
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Term
| Pasteurella multocida is the pathogen for what type of bite wound? |
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Definition
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Term
| Bartonella hensellae is the pathogen for what type of bite wound? |
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Definition
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Term
| Streptobacillus moniliformis is the pathogen for what type of bite wound? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Sporotrichosis. Found normally in soil, gardeners and farmers get infections on hands from puncture wounds. Slow, chronic infection that follows the lymphatics up from the wound. |
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