Term
|
Definition
| Nucleotides, Phosphate, and Pyrimidine or Purine Base |
|
|
Term
| How are chain of sugars and phosphates held together? |
|
Definition
| Covalent bonds (with bases pointing outwards) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why are purines and pyrimides called bases? |
|
Definition
| They determine the nucleotide used |
|
|
Term
| How many rings do purine have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many rings to pyrimidines have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Pyrimidine does DNA use? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Pyrimidine does RNA use? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Connected by strong covalent phosphate bones between #3 and #5 carbons. |
|
|
Term
| How do the two single strands line up in chromosomes? |
|
Definition
| Opposite directions, anti-parallel |
|
|
Term
| What types of bonds do the bases make with each other? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does Thymine bind with? |
|
Definition
| Adenine, forming 2 hydrogen bonds |
|
|
Term
| What does Cytosine bind with? |
|
Definition
| Guanine, forming 3 hydrogen bonds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Consist of two anti-parallel stands with one 5' end and one 3' end |
|
|
Term
| Two DNA strands run in which direction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of DNA do bacteria have? |
|
Definition
| single double helix circle |
|
|
Term
| What does replication result in? |
|
Definition
| One exact copy of the original DNA chromosome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sits on original replication, unwinds the helix, separates the hydrogen bonds of the base pairs and adds new nucleotides to the template strand |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| proceeds in both directions and is called replication forks |
|
|
Term
| Are both strands replicated continuously? |
|
Definition
| One is, the other is not because the enzyme can only go in one direction |
|
|
Term
| Is replication semi-conservative or conservative |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| RNA is make directly from what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| RNA uses what instead of deoxyribose and thymine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| RNA is single or double stranded |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Messenger RNA, Ribosomal RNA and Transfer RNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Forms exact cops of the DNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bring amino acid to ribosomes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are DNA coding regions called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do DNA regulatory genes or regions do? |
|
Definition
| Allow transcription to be turned on and off |
|
|
Term
| RNA polymerase can make what new strand from one of the DNA strands? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Transcription Process Steps: |
|
Definition
1.Initation
2.Elongation
3.Termination |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| RNA polymerase bonds to the DNA regulatory region and starts making RNA at the beginning of the coding region |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The polymerase moves along the DNA strand, adding RNA nucleotides together to make mRNA complementary to the DNA template |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The polymerase comes to the end of the gene, hits the top codon, stops and falls off |
|
|
Term
| Each of the 20 amino acids is coded by a set of how many RNA nucleotides? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 64 possible triplets for the 20 amino acids called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: No codon codes for more than one amino acid, so translation is always accurate. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of RNA does translation use? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many separate tRNA's does a cell have? |
|
Definition
| 20-one for each amino acids |
|
|
Term
| What binds to the mRNA single strand? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many binding sites for tRNA does the ribosome have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Translation Process Steps: |
|
Definition
| The ribosome grabs the tRNA that it needs for its codon, the peptide sit hold the first tRNA, its anti-codon bound to the corresponding mRNA codon, the acceptor site accepts the incoming tRNA that it needs for its next codon. |
|
|
Term
| How many amino acids are adding during elongation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In which step do antibiotics inhibit bacteria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does a cell turn off or on syntheses? |
|
Definition
| Regulatory mechanisms turn syntheses of proteins on or off at the gene level |
|
|
Term
| What does the inducer do? |
|
Definition
| Turns on the regulatory region, allowing genes to be turned on and every enzyme made only when they are needed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Enzymes that are normally turned off but can be turned on |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Enzymes that are always one |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The study of the DNA sequence of an organism |
|
|
Term
| What was the first complete sequence of a microorganism? What was it called? |
|
Definition
| 1995, Haemophilis influenzae |
|
|
Term
| What is genomic useful for? |
|
Definition
|
|
