Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many zero's will there be after the decimal when converting 21.5 nm to m? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Distance apart needed to see 2 points as separate (ability to see fine detail) |
|
|
Term
| With respect to resolution in microscopes, which is better, a small number or large one? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| With respect to resolution in cameras, which is better, a small number or large one? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is better for seeing small organisms, a light or election microscope? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do you calculate the resolving power? |
|
Definition
| Wavelength divided by (2 * NA) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does numerical aperature (NA) depend on? (2) |
|
Definition
-Refractive index of material between lense and slide
-The angle of most divergent light ray that can enter that objective |
|
|
Term
| What type of material will we use for our refractive index in class? (2) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two (three) ways of improving resolution? |
|
Definition
-Decrease wavelength
-Use oil with 100x objective
(-increase N.A.) |
|
|
Term
| How would one decrease wavelength when they are trying to improve resolution? |
|
Definition
| electron vs. visual light |
|
|
Term
| How does one improve the conditions but NOT resolution? (2) |
|
Definition
-contrast by staining
-light adjustment |
|
|
Term
| If you use a low objective, should you use a high or low light? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If you use a high objective, should you use a high or low light? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does a compound microscope mean? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A magnifying lense (usually 10x) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Platform that holds the microscope slide in position |
|
|
Term
| Course/fine adjustment knobs |
|
Definition
| Used for focusing the specimen;turning he knobs changes the distance between the objective lens and the specimen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| contains mirrors and prisms that transmit the image to the ocular lens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| primary lenses that magnify the specimen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A lens system that condenses light before it passes through the specimen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| controls the amount of light entering the condenser |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Light Brightfield microscope:
1. Background
2. Resolution
3. Magnitude |
|
Definition
1. Bright
2. 0.2µm
3. 2000x |
|
|
Term
light Darkfield:
1. Background
2. Resolution
3. Magnitude
4. Microbes |
|
Definition
1. dark
2. 0.2µm
3. 2000x
4. clear |
|
|
Term
light, fluorescent
1. Background
2. Resolution
3. Magnitude
4. Microbes |
|
Definition
1. dark
2. 0.2µm
3. 2000x
4. bright and fluorescing |
|
|
Term
| What is the light, brightfield microscope enhanced by? (3) |
|
Definition
-stains
-oil with 100x lens
-Diaphragm and light |
|
|
Term
| What is the light, darkfield microscope enhanced by? (3) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the light, fluorescent microscope enhanced by? (2) |
|
Definition
-Fluorescent antibody dyes
-Fluorescent dye on antibody (specific) to microbe antigen, microbe fluoresces. |
|
|
Term
| What are the uses of the light, brightfield microscope? (3) |
|
Definition
-Live specimens (unstained)
-stained (dead) specimens
-bacteria, protozoa, fungus, multicellular animal parasites eggs |
|
|
Term
| What are the uses of the light, darkfield microscope? (1) |
|
Definition
live microbes:syphillis
-we can't stain, too thin |
|
|
Term
| What are the uses of the light, fluorescent microscope? (2) |
|
Definition
-when immediate diagnosis needed
-When cultures aren't available, or take too long. |
|
|
Term
| What is the light, fluorescent microscope used to test |
|
Definition
| TB, rabies, syphillis, anthrax |
|
|
Term
Electron,scanning
1. Resolution
2. Magnification |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Electron,transmission
1. Resolution
2. Magnification |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the electron scanning microscope enhanced by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the electron transmission microscope enhanced by? |
|
Definition
| Stain w/ + salt of heavy metal (barium) |
|
|
Term
| What are the advantages (1) of the electron scanning microscope? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the advantages (1) of the electron transmission microscope? |
|
Definition
| high resolution and magnitude |
|
|
Term
| What is the disadvantage to all e- scopes |
|
Definition
| artifacts due to killing, and fixing under vacuum. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| problem with all scopes, distorations to microbes. |
|
|
Term
| What is the disadvantage to the electron transmission microscope? |
|
Definition
| need THIN slice as e- can't penetrate |
|
|
Term
| What are the uses of an electron scanning microscope? (1) |
|
Definition
| surface structures- eukaryote to virus |
|
|
Term
| What are the uses of an electron transmission microscope? (4) |
|
Definition
-Virus particles
-bacterial flagella
-internal cell structures
-protein molecules |
|
|
Term
| What are the steps to slide prep for basic stains? (4) |
|
Definition
1. Smear
2. Air dry
3. Fix
4.Stain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| attach to a slide (won't come off) |
|
|
Term
| What is used to fix a slide? |
|
Definition
| alcohol or heat (hopefully preserves with little distortion) |
|
|
Term
| Does fixing kill the microbe? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Basic dye: positive or negative stain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do poitive stains/basic dyes work? |
|
Definition
| The postive dye is attracted to the negative cell wall., therefore stains the cell. |
|
|
Term
| What are examples of basic dyes? |
|
Definition
| Crystal violet, methylene blue, safranin (red) malachite green |
|
|
Term
| Are acidic dyes positive or negative stains? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of microscope is a negative stain similar to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does an acidic dye work? |
|
Definition
| Negative dye repels negative cell wall. Stains backround instead of microbe. |
|
|
Term
| Why is a negative dye used? |
|
Definition
| for cell shape and size, to detect capsules |
|
|
Term
| What are the advantages to using an acidic dye? |
|
Definition
| less distotion (no heat fixing, stain doesn't enter) |
|
|
Term
| What are the examples of acidic dyes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gelatinous covering on outside, makes microbe more deadly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| substance used to cause more intense staining |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a mordent used for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What color are microbes in a simple stain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a simple stain used for? |
|
Definition
| morphology (shape, arrangement, size) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| use of greater than two stains to distinguish groups of bacteria |
|
|
Term
| What are examples of a differential stain? |
|
Definition
| gram stain, acid fast stain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| differential due to cell wall differences |
|
|
Term
G.P.
1. Postive or negative?
2. Color?
3. Which stain?
4. Penicilin? |
|
Definition
1. Positive
2. Purple
3. Retains primary stain
4. susceptible to penicillin |
|
|
Term
G.N.
1. Postive or negative?
2. Color?
3. Which stain?
4. Penicilin? |
|
Definition
1. negative
2. red
3. accepts counterstain
4. Resistant to penicilin |
|
|
Term
| What are staining problems for gram stains? (5) |
|
Definition
-need young cultures
-some bacteria stain poorly
-Decolorization timing is critical
-Potential artifacts |
|
|
Term
| what are potential problems with all stains? (2) |
|
Definition
-decolorization timing is critical
-Potential artifacts |
|
|
Term
| Why do you need young cultures? |
|
Definition
| holes in cell wall (old skin)could let purple out |
|
|
Term
| Any time you add dye with heat, what are you staining? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does a darkfield microscope use light? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does an electron scanning microscope use light? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does an electron transmission microscope use light? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the order of chemicals in the gram staining process? (4) |
|
Definition
1. Crystal Violet
2. Iodine
3. Alochol
4. Saphranin |
|
|
Term
| What color is the GN and GP after the crystal violet?(Gram Stain) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What color is the GN and GP after the iodine? (Gram Stain) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What color is the GN and GP after the alocohol? (Gram Stain) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What color is the GN and GP after the saphranin? (gram Stain) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the point of crystal violet in a gram stain? |
|
Definition
| To stain all of the cells one color |
|
|
Term
| What is the point of iodine in a gram stain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the point of alochol in a gram stain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the point of safranin in a gram stain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In an acid fast stain, the primary stain is? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In an acid fast stain, the primary stain color is...? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In an acid fast stain, the scondary stain color is? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In an acid fast stain, is a positive result the color of the primary stain or the scondary stain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In an acid fast stain, is a negative result the color of the primary stain or the secondary stain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In an acid fast stain, why does the poitive stain retain its color? |
|
Definition
| the wax in the cell wall keeps the primary stain |
|
|
Term
| What is the acid fast stain used for? |
|
Definition
| To ID mycobacterium species, TB (tuburculosis, leporasy, avium) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a gelatinous covering on outside of bacteria to help it evade immune system. The bacteria secretes like slime. |
|
|
Term
| How does one perform a capsule stain? (3steps) |
|
Definition
1. Use positive stain to stain bacteria
2. Negative stain to stain background
3. clear halo of capsule is left between the stains |
|
|
Term
| What can be a problem with a capsule stain? |
|
Definition
| the capsule can wash off as it is soluble in water. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| resistant, dormant resting structure to protect microbe from adverse conditions. |
|
|
Term
| Is an endospore used for reproduction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is used to determine endospore species? |
|
Definition
| its position: terminal, subterminal, and central |
|
|
Term
| How do you stain an endospore? |
|
Definition
| use heat to force dye into stain resistant endospore. |
|
|
Term
| What are the three positions an endospore can be in? |
|
Definition
| terminal, subterminal, central |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. central
2. terminal
3. terminal
4.central
5. terminal
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| whip-like structure for mobility |
|
|
Term
| What, in flagella, is used to id bacteria? |
|
Definition
-number and arrangement
-different proteins on flagella |
|
|
Term
| can coccus bacteria have flagella? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Can bacillus have flagella? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| can spirals have flagella? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Do prokaryotes have a nucleus? |
|
Definition
| no, they have a nucleiod region but no membrane. |
|
|
Term
| Do prokaryotes have any membranous organelles? |
|
Definition
| no, but they do have ribosomes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| yes, 1 circular chromosome. |
|
|
Term
| Do prokaryotes have the same protein associated with the their DNA as eukaryotes? |
|
Definition
| no, eukaryotes have histone associated with their DNA. There is a different protein associated with the DNA of prokaryotes |
|
|
Term
| How do bacteria reproduce? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a bacteria's cell wall is made of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an archea's cell wall made of? |
|
Definition
| they don't have any. If they do its pseudomurien. |
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of a bacteria's cell wall? (3) |
|
Definition
-maintains shape
-anchors flagella
-prevents rupturing due to osmotic pressure |
|
|
Term
| What is the clinical importance of a bacteria's cell wall? (2) |
|
Definition
-Site of antibiotic activities
-Determines GN or GP |
|
|
Term
| What is a bacteria's cell wall made of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does penicillin affect a gram positive cell wall? |
|
Definition
| Penicillin interferes with peptide links in GP=> weak cell wall=>water intake &lysis (increase in osmotic pressure)=>dies |
|
|
Term
| How many layers of cell membrane are in the GP? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many layers of cell membrane are in a GN? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does a GP cell wall have telchoic acid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does a GN cell wall have telchoic acid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does a GP cell wall have two layers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does a GP cell wall have two layers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does a GN cell wall have two layers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which cell wall has a thick peptidoglycan layer, GN or GP? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which cell wall has a thin peptidoglycan layer, GN or GP? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which cell wall has lyposcpolysaccharides(LPS), GN or GP? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does a GP cell have a thick peptidoglycan layer in their cell wall? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does a GP have telchoic acid in their cell wall? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which cell wall (GN or GP) secretes primarily extotoxins? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Do Gram Positive cells have a space between the layers of its cell wall? |
|
Definition
| No, there is only one cell wall...no space... |
|
|
Term
| Do GN cell walls have thick or thin layer of peptidoglycan? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Do GN cell walls have trichoic acids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Do GN cell walls have an outer wall embrane? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a GN's outer wall membrane function? |
|
Definition
| evades phagocytosis, it is a barrier to penicillan and enzymes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| allows certain things to get through, opening |
|
|
Term
| How do things get through a GN's cell wall? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do the lypopolysacharides in a GN cell wall do? |
|
Definition
| secrete endotoxin which can lead to a fever and shock. |
|
|
Term
| Does a GN cell wall have a space between its two layers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the peptidoglycan found in a GN cell wall? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| space between outerwall and plasma membrane, fluid, where peptidoglycan is |
|
|
Term
| What does the periplasm contain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can make a GN appear GP? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What affect does alcohol have on GP in a gram stain? |
|
Definition
| dehydrates, increases density of thick wall, crystals can't leave |
|
|
Term
| What affect does alcohol have on GP in a gram stain? |
|
Definition
| disolves outer membrane and dehydration leaves a hole in thin peptidoglycan, crystals exit and sell colorless |
|
|
Term
| How can a GP falsely stain GN? (3) |
|
Definition
Cell wall damaged due to:
-age
-heat damage during fixing
-overdecolorization |
|
|
Term
| What are the only type of bacteria able to make endospores? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the only bacteria able to test positive in an acid fast stain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| GP rod/bacillus only test poitive for (2) |
|
Definition
-endospore stain: Bacillus & clostridium
-Acid Fast STain:Mycobacterium (TB) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| digeestive enzyme in saliva, tears and mucus |
|
|
Term
| What type of bacteria is a lysozyme most effective against? (GN/GP) |
|
Definition
| GP:it hydrolyzed peptide bonds |
|
|
Term
| What type of bacteria is penicillin most affective against? (GN/GP) |
|
Definition
| GP: breaks down peptide bonds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name three species with an atypical cell wall/ |
|
Definition
Mycoplasma
-mycobacteria
-archea |
|
|
Term
| What in its plasma membrane prevents a mycoplasma from lysis (bursting)? |
|
Definition
| the high amount of sterolipid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What will a mycobacteria stain if gram stain? |
|
Definition
MUST ANSWER GP!!!!
-hard to stain, wax and water don't mix well) |
|
|
Term
| In an acid fast stain, what will mycobacteria be? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In an acid fast stain, what will mycoplasma be? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| No cell wall or pseudomurein |
|
|
Term
| What is another term for a capsule? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is another term for glycocalyx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a capsule/glycocalyx made of? (2) |
|
Definition
(sugar coat)
-EPS (Extra cellular polysaccharide) and polypeptide polymer |
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of a glycocalyx/capsule? |
|
Definition
| -increased virulence, evade phagocytosis, adherence, dehydration protetion |
|
|
Term
| How would one stan a capsule/glycocalyx? Include stains used. |
|
Definition
| Negative stain with two dyes: Basic (poitive)stains organism, acidic(negative) stains background. Halo between is the capsule |
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose/function of flagella? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose/function of axial filaments? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose/function of fimbrae? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose/function of pilli? |
|
Definition
| transfer DNA (plasmids only) "sex pili" |
|
|
Term
| In what group of bacteria would we find flagella? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In what group of bacteria would we find axial filaments? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In what group of bacteria would we find fimbrae? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In what group of bacteria would we find pili? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do GP bacteria transfer plasmids? |
|
Definition
NOT PILI
-sticky substance connecting cells long enough to transfer plasmid |
|
|
Term
| How do GN transfer plasmids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tuff (1 or more) at each pole |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| location of Axial filaments on a cell |
|
Definition
| spiralled around cell within outer sheath (endoflagella) |
|
|
Term
| location of fimbrae on a cell |
|
Definition
| few to hundreds all around cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| External filamentous structures |
|
Definition
-thin, extend from cell wall
-only in certain bacteria, not all |
|
|
Term
| do bacteria reproduce through pili? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| protection from extreme conditions. Not reproduction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| doesn't have plasmid or sex pillus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| has plasmid and sex pilus |
|
|
Term
| Are there cilia on bacteria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| movement in response to stimulous |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| attracted to or try to get away from chemical |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| attracted to or try to get away from light |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| resistant "resting" structures to survive adverse conditions |
|
|
Term
| What can make endospores? |
|
Definition
GP RODS
-bacillus and clostridium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-makes spores
-goes from active bacteria to dormant endospore |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -goes from dormant endospore to vegatative (active) bacteria |
|
|
Term
| What are locations of endospores (3) |
|
Definition
| terminal,subterminal, central |
|
|
Term
| What can an endospore survive? |
|
Definition
| dehydration, heat, chemicals, improper canning(toxins=>food poisoning), etc. |
|
|
Term
| How does an endospore appear in a gram stain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is an endospore stain made? |
|
Definition
-primary: basic stain with heat forces stain inro endospore
-rinse: removes stain from rest of slide/organism
-Counterstian: basic stain colors rest of organism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-bilayer of phospholipids with protein
-selectively (semi) permeable |
|
|
Term
| What is an organism with a special plasma membrane? |
|
Definition
| mycoplasmas:contain cterol |
|
|
Term
| What can be effective in dimishing the plasma membrane? |
|
Definition
| alcohols, disinfectants, some antibiotics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| passive transport high to low concentration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| goes right through the membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| involves a protein, does not cause energy usage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| from low to high concentration. Requires ATP (energy) and protein |
|
|
Term
| What are the three osmotic enviroments? |
|
Definition
| isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic |
|
|
Term
| Isotonic/isoosmotic solution |
|
Definition
equal % total solute on both sides of membrane
-water moves in both directions
-Dynamic equilibrium (cell size constant) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-low % solute
-net water moves into the cell
-if no cell wall, or weakened, lysis occurs |
|
|
Term
| How does the cell wall help a hypotonic solution? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does the cell wall help a hypertonic enviroment? |
|
Definition
| it doesn't. Does not prevent water from leaving (can shrivel and die) |
|
|
Term
| Which is more detrimental for a cell? a hypotonic solution or hypertonic enviroment? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-high % colute
-Net water movementout of cell
-plasmolysis can occur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cell shrivels and dies from lack of water. |
|
|
Term
| Chromatophores/thylakoids |
|
Definition
| photosynthetic structures |
|
|
Term
| Bacteria nucleoid/nuclear area |
|
Definition
-no nuclear membrane
-1 circular chromosome w/out histones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the benfitst of plasmids to the organisms? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the benefit of plasmids to us? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many genes are in a plasmid? can it transfer between species? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are plasmids transferred? |
|
Definition
-Conjunction (transfer through direct contact
-GN sex pili
-GP sticky substance |
|
|
Term
| Are plasmids crucial for survival? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do people mean when they say plasmids are biotech? |
|
Definition
| used for genetic manipulation |
|
|
Term
| Can an f- change to an f+? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Can an F+ change to an F-? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sedimentaion (how fast they go to bottom of tube (settle out)) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a ribosome made of? |
|
Definition
| 2 subunits protein and RNA |
|
|
Term
| Prokaryotic ribosome size? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Eukaryotic ribosome size? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do antibiotics attack prokaryotic ribosomes and not eukaryotic ribosomes? |
|
Definition
| Antibiotics attach to subunit of prokaryotic size |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do inclusions help the cell |
|
Definition
prevent increase in osmotic pressure
-help with water pull, decrease osmotic pull |
|
|
Term
| Why is an endospore stain needed? |
|
Definition
| Endospore and not inclusion both look clear, endospore stain, inclusion does not |
|
|
Term
| what are some inclusions? (3) |
|
Definition
| -sulfar, sucrose, air (buoyency) |
|
|
Term
| What are some prokaryotic structures? |
|
Definition
| flagella, fimbrae, plasmid, chromosome, inclusion, ribosome, plasma membrane, capsule |
|
|
Term
| What looks different in an eukaryote than a prokaryote? |
|
Definition
-larger
-Nucleus (membrane bound organelles)
-If cell wall: algae:cellulose, Fungi:Chitin |
|
|
Term
| What groups have fimbrae? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Waht groups have flagella? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-endospore stain: has endospore
-acid fast:test for wax |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Eukaryotes evolved from sympbiotic prokaryotes liviing inside other prokaryotes |
|
|
Term
| What are 3 things that serve as evidence for the endosymbiotic theory? |
|
Definition
-Organelle membranes are similar(phospholipid)like bacterial plasma membranes
-Choloplasts similar to photosynthetic prokaryotes
-Mitochondria and Chloroplasts |
|
|
Term
| What is so significant about mitochondria and cholorplast when dealing with the endosymbiotic theory? |
|
Definition
-reproduce by binary fision
-Contains DNA (circular without histones) and 70s ribsomes
-Double membrane like prokaryotic plasma membrane |
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