Term
| Molecules or regions of molecules that readily interact with water are said to be __________, whereas molecules or regions of molecules that are insoluble in water or do not readily interact with water are said to be hydrophobic. |
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Definition
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Term
External structures that are found in Archaea but not Bacteria are ___.
A. pili
B. flagella
C. hami
D. peptidoglycan |
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Definition
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Term
| A(n) __________ layer is a layer of protein or glycoprotein that exhibits a pattern resembling floor tiles. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F
Cell walls of most Archaea and bacteria contain peptidoglycan. |
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Definition
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Term
| _______ is a peptidoglycan-like molecule found in the cell walls of some archaea. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F
The hydrocarbons found in the membranes of archaea are identical to those found in bacteria. |
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Definition
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Term
| _______ are the site of protein synthesis in the cell. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F
Archaeal flagella are superficially similar to bacterial flagella, although archaeal flagella are much thicker than bacterial flagella. |
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Definition
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Term
A feature unique to some archaeal plasma membranes is that they may
A. consist of a lipid bilayer that lacks integral membrane proteins.
B. consist of a lipid bilayer with embedded proteins.
C. contain sterols such as cholesterol.
D. consist of a lipid monolayer. |
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Definition
| D. consist of a lipid monolayer. |
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Term
| Bacterial and archaeal ribosomes are known as _____ ribosomes, based on their sedimentation coefficient. |
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Definition
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Term
| A large number of the genes shared only by bacteria and Archaea produce proteins that are involved in ____________ ___________. |
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Definition
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Term
| A peptidoglycan-like polymer found in the cell walls of some Archaea is called __________. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F
Glycogen is used as a major carbon and energy reserve by some archaeons. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F
Some methanogenic Archaea are capable of fixing nitrogen. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F
Archaeons have been isolated from temperate and cold environments. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F
The DNA of some archaeons is stabilized by association with archaeal histone proteins forming particles resembling eucaryotic nucleosomes. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F
The RNA polymerase enzymes of the Archaea are more similar to eukaryotic enzymes than to bacterial enzymes. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F
Many archaeal genomes include chromosomes and plasmids. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F
Some archaeons are symbionts in animal digestive tracts. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F
Some archaeal cells lack a cell wall. |
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Definition
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Term
| Most archaeal mRNAs like those of eukaryotes are spliced. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F
Unlike other prokaryotes, archaeons (except Sulfolobus) have two origins of replication. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F
Archaeons are not known to incorporate (fix) carbon dioxide. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F
Unlike members of the Bacteria, most archaeons have linear chromosomes with multiple origins of replication. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F
Methanogens may contribute to the greenhouse effect and global warming due to methane production. |
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Definition
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Term
The Crenarchaeota and Euryarchaeota are
A. the two phyla of the Archaea.
B. very closely related based on 16S rRNA comparisons.
C. photosynthetic Archaea.
D. now classified with the bacteria based on genomic sequence analysis. |
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Definition
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Term
Archaeal promoters are most similar to those of
A. viruses.
B. bacteria.
C. eukaryotes.
D. both viruses and bacteria. |
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Definition
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Term
Because archaeons lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls
A. some have an outer layer of complex polysaccharide.
B. some have an outer layer of protein.
C. they must always be grown in isotonic medium.
D. some have an outer layer of complex polysaccharide and some have an outer layer of protein |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is not true about archaeal ribosomes?
A. They are 70S like bacterial ribosomes.
B. They may possess ribosome binding sites homologous to bacterial Shine-Dalgarno sequences.
C. They have similar antibiotic sensitivities to those of bacteria.
D. All of these are true about archaeal ribosomes. |
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Definition
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Term
The primary lipid components of the membranes of extreme thermophiles are
A. sulfolipids.
B. cholesterol.
C. 40 carbon diglycerol tetraethers.
D. 20 carbon diglycerol diethers. |
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Definition
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Term
The Archaea do not use __________ as a mechanism for reproduction.
A. binary fission
B. budding
C. mitosis
D. fragmentation |
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Definition
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Term
| Archaeal membranes contain which of the following lipids?
A. phospholipids
B. sulfolipids
C. glycolipids
D. all of these |
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Definition
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Term
| Methanogens can live only in __________ environments.
A. aerobic
B. anaerobic
C. microaerophilic
D. all of these |
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Definition
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Term
The Archaea generally lack which of the following that are normally found in gram-negative bacteria?
A. Outer membrane.
B. A complex peptidoglycan network.
C. Lipopolysaccharide.
D. All of the choices. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following contribute(s) to the differences between the Archaea and the bacteria?
A. Archaea lack muramic acid.
B. Archaea have isopranyl glycerol ethers rather than fatty acid esters in their membrane lipids.
C. Archaea differ from bacteria in their tRNA composition, ribosome structure, and antibiotic sensitivity.
D. all of these. |
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Definition
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Term
Archaeal cell walls
A. are disrupted by treatment with lysozyme or penicillin.
B. are similar to those of gram-negative bacteria.
C. lack murein and D-amino acids.
D. include orthomureine. |
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Definition
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Term
Diglycerol tetraether lipids
A. are a characteristic feature of thermophilic Archaea.
B. tend to make the membrane less rigid.
C. are found in some bacteria and some Archaea.
D. form typical bilayer membranes in thermophilic Archaea of the genus Thermoplasma. |
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Definition
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Term
The cell membranes of wall-less archaeons are strengthened by
A. diglycerol ethers.
B. glycoprotein or protein layers.
C. pseudomurein.
D. diglycerol tetraethers. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following structures are external to both Bacterial and Archaeal cells?
A. ribosomes
B. hami
C. pili
D. peptidoglycan |
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Definition
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Term
T/F
Archaeal and Bacterial pili are identical in structure and function. |
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Definition
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