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Microbiology Anaerobic Bacteriology
Anaerobes
50
Microbiology
Graduate
12/06/2012

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Term
Anaerobes definition
Definition
Organisms that do not require O2 for life and reproduction
Term
aerotolerant anaerobes
Definition
grow better with oxygen
Term
Obligate anaerobes
Definition
oxygen is toxic to them because they don’t have the enzyme to detoxify free radicals
Term
Normal flora of...
Definition
oral/respiratory, GI and genitourinary tract and skin
Term
Predisposition to anaerobic infections (4)
Definition
trauma to mucosal surfaces (from trauma or surgery), vascular stasis (not adequate blood flow), aspiration of oral flora, or poor dentition
Term
Indications of anaerobic involvement (4)
Definition
close to mucosal surface, presence of gas and sulfur granules in tissue, foul odor, persistence despite aminoglycoside therapy
Term
Types of anaerobic infections (9)
Definition
Bacteremia, eye infections, oral, sinus or dental infections, brain abscesses, intraabdonimal infections, aspiration pneumonia, antibiotic associated diarrhea
Term
Specimens for anaerobic culture (8)
Definition
CNS (CSF, aspirated abscess, tissue), dental specimens (aspirated abscess, tissue), localized abscess/draining sinus tract (aspirate), decubitus ulcer (aspirated pus), intraabdonimal (aspirate from ascetic fluid, tissue), female genital tract (aspirates, culdocentesis specimens), pulmonary (transtracheal aspirate, pleural fluid, direct lung puncture), urinary tract (only aspirate directly from bladder/kidney)
Term
Specimen collection
Definition
preferred are tissue biopsy and aspirates
Term
Specimen transport
Definition
oxygen free transport material, hold at room temperature
Term
Specimen processing
Definition
anaerobe chamber/jar/pouches
Term
Media (7)
Definition
anaerobic BAP, KV agar, Anaerobic PEA, enrichment broths (cooked meat broth, peptone-yeast extract glucose, or thioglycollate broth), bacteroides bile Esculin agar, egg yolk agar, CCFA
Term
Incubation
Definition
5 days
Term
How do you get Clostridial diseases
Definition
endogenous, they arise from normal flora
Term
What are the Clostridial diseases
Definition
tetanus, botulism (infant botulism),Psuedomembraneous colitis, food poisoning, Myonecrosis, cellulitis, septicemia, abscesses
Term
Tetanus
Definition
wound contaminated with soil, Exotoxin inhibits neurotransmitters which causing muscle clamping, clinical diagnosis
Term
Botulism
Definition
ingestion of preformed toxin, neurotoxin prevents release of ACTH which leads to flaccid paralysis, wait for toxin to wear off
Term
Infant botulism
Definition
Honey water
Term
Psuedomembraneous colitis
Definition
toxin (A +B )mediated disease from C. difficile, occurs after antibiotics clear all normal flora, can relapse, treatment is stool transplant or metronidazole or vancomycin (oral)
Term
How to detect C. difficile
Definition
CCFA agar, tissue culture cytotoxin test, EIA test, glutamate dehydrogenase antigen, best methods are molecular
Term
Food poisoning
Definition
C. perfringens, toxin inhibits fluid absorption, due to ingestion of organism or preformed toxin
Term
Myonecrosis, cellulitis, septicemia, abscesses
Definition
would infection from contamination
Term
Gram negative bacilli
Definition
bacteroides fragilis, bacteroides spp., prevatella spp., porphyromonas spp., fusobacterium spp (oral flora, that cause infections above the diaphragm)
Term
Gram negative cocci
Definition
veillonella (never seen alone)
Term
Gram positive bacilli
Definition
actinomyces spp., bifidobacterium spp., eubacterium spp., lactobacillus spp., propionibacterium spp.
Term
Gram positive cocci
Definition
peptostreptococcus (seen in chains, oral flora, mixed infections)
Term
ID of anaerobes
Definition
aerotolerance test
Term
presumptive ID of anaerobes
Definition
gram stain, antibiotic disks, growth in presence of bile, pigmentation, fluorescence and pitting of agar
Term
Pitting of agar
Definition
B. uroliticus
Term
all gram negative are resistant to
Definition
vancomyocin
Term
Production of spores
Definition
clostridia spp.
Term
Double zone of hemolysis
Definition
clostridia perfringens
Term
Reverse CAMP test
Definition
c. perfringens
Term
Definitive ID of anaerobes
Definition
biochemical ID and GC chromatography
Term
To ID B. fragilis group
Definition
Resistant to all antibiotics (V,K and C), and grows in bile
Term
To ID B. ureolyticus
Definition
resistant to vancomycin, no growth in bile pits agar, tiny pale GNR
Term
To ID prevatella nonpigmented
Definition
resistant to kanamyocin and vancomycin, no growth in bile
Term
To ID prevatella pigmented
Definition
resistant to kanamyocin and vancomycin, no growth in bile
Term
To ID pigmented phorphyromonas
Definition
resistant to kanamyocin and colistin, no growth in bile
Term
To ID fusobacterium
Definition
resistant to vancomycin, gram stain is slender pointed rods, bread crumb colonies on BAP
Term
To ID veillonella
Definition
resistant to vancomycin, only GNC
Term
To ID peptostreptococcus
Definition
resistant to colistin
Term
To ID clostridia spp
Definition
resistant to colistin, C. perfringens is most common (double zone of hemolysis and reverse CAMP +, box car gram stain), C. difficile grows on CCFA agar
Term
To ID gram positive, nonspore forming bacilli
Definition
resistant to colistin
Term
Treatment of anaerobes
Definition
create an aerobic environment via surgery, antibiotics to stop spread into healthy tissue, neutralize toxins via antitoxins
Term
Susceptibility testing for anaerobes
Definition
agar dilution, broth dilution, beta-lactamase testing
Term
Chorioamnionitis
Definition
inflammation of the fetal membranes (amnion and chorion) due to a bacterial infection.
Term
All anaerobic specimens should be refrigerated if they cannot be cultured within 1 hour of collection
Definition
False
Term
Most anaerobic infections are polymicrobic (mixed)
Definition
true
Term
Special potency disks containing polmycin and vancomycin can be used to presumptively identify anaerobes
Definition
True
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