Term
|
Definition
| Organisms that do not require O2 for life and reproduction |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| oxygen is toxic to them because they don’t have the enzyme to detoxify free radicals |
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Term
|
Definition
| oral/respiratory, GI and genitourinary tract and skin |
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Term
| Predisposition to anaerobic infections (4) |
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Definition
| trauma to mucosal surfaces (from trauma or surgery), vascular stasis (not adequate blood flow), aspiration of oral flora, or poor dentition |
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|
Term
| Indications of anaerobic involvement (4) |
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Definition
| close to mucosal surface, presence of gas and sulfur granules in tissue, foul odor, persistence despite aminoglycoside therapy |
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|
Term
| Types of anaerobic infections (9) |
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Definition
| Bacteremia, eye infections, oral, sinus or dental infections, brain abscesses, intraabdonimal infections, aspiration pneumonia, antibiotic associated diarrhea |
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|
Term
| Specimens for anaerobic culture (8) |
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Definition
| CNS (CSF, aspirated abscess, tissue), dental specimens (aspirated abscess, tissue), localized abscess/draining sinus tract (aspirate), decubitus ulcer (aspirated pus), intraabdonimal (aspirate from ascetic fluid, tissue), female genital tract (aspirates, culdocentesis specimens), pulmonary (transtracheal aspirate, pleural fluid, direct lung puncture), urinary tract (only aspirate directly from bladder/kidney) |
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Term
|
Definition
| preferred are tissue biopsy and aspirates |
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Term
|
Definition
| oxygen free transport material, hold at room temperature |
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Term
|
Definition
| anaerobe chamber/jar/pouches |
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Term
|
Definition
| anaerobic BAP, KV agar, Anaerobic PEA, enrichment broths (cooked meat broth, peptone-yeast extract glucose, or thioglycollate broth), bacteroides bile Esculin agar, egg yolk agar, CCFA |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do you get Clostridial diseases |
|
Definition
| endogenous, they arise from normal flora |
|
|
Term
| What are the Clostridial diseases |
|
Definition
| tetanus, botulism (infant botulism),Psuedomembraneous colitis, food poisoning, Myonecrosis, cellulitis, septicemia, abscesses |
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Term
|
Definition
| wound contaminated with soil, Exotoxin inhibits neurotransmitters which causing muscle clamping, clinical diagnosis |
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Term
|
Definition
| ingestion of preformed toxin, neurotoxin prevents release of ACTH which leads to flaccid paralysis, wait for toxin to wear off |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Psuedomembraneous colitis |
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Definition
| toxin (A +B )mediated disease from C. difficile, occurs after antibiotics clear all normal flora, can relapse, treatment is stool transplant or metronidazole or vancomycin (oral) |
|
|
Term
| How to detect C. difficile |
|
Definition
| CCFA agar, tissue culture cytotoxin test, EIA test, glutamate dehydrogenase antigen, best methods are molecular |
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Term
|
Definition
| C. perfringens, toxin inhibits fluid absorption, due to ingestion of organism or preformed toxin |
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Term
| Myonecrosis, cellulitis, septicemia, abscesses |
|
Definition
| would infection from contamination |
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Term
|
Definition
| bacteroides fragilis, bacteroides spp., prevatella spp., porphyromonas spp., fusobacterium spp (oral flora, that cause infections above the diaphragm) |
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Term
|
Definition
| veillonella (never seen alone) |
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Term
|
Definition
| actinomyces spp., bifidobacterium spp., eubacterium spp., lactobacillus spp., propionibacterium spp. |
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Term
|
Definition
| peptostreptococcus (seen in chains, oral flora, mixed infections) |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| presumptive ID of anaerobes |
|
Definition
| gram stain, antibiotic disks, growth in presence of bile, pigmentation, fluorescence and pitting of agar |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| all gram negative are resistant to |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Definitive ID of anaerobes |
|
Definition
| biochemical ID and GC chromatography |
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Term
|
Definition
| Resistant to all antibiotics (V,K and C), and grows in bile |
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Term
|
Definition
| resistant to vancomycin, no growth in bile pits agar, tiny pale GNR |
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Term
| To ID prevatella nonpigmented |
|
Definition
| resistant to kanamyocin and vancomycin, no growth in bile |
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|
Term
| To ID prevatella pigmented |
|
Definition
| resistant to kanamyocin and vancomycin, no growth in bile |
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|
Term
| To ID pigmented phorphyromonas |
|
Definition
| resistant to kanamyocin and colistin, no growth in bile |
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Term
|
Definition
| resistant to vancomycin, gram stain is slender pointed rods, bread crumb colonies on BAP |
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Term
|
Definition
| resistant to vancomycin, only GNC |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| resistant to colistin, C. perfringens is most common (double zone of hemolysis and reverse CAMP +, box car gram stain), C. difficile grows on CCFA agar |
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|
Term
| To ID gram positive, nonspore forming bacilli |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| create an aerobic environment via surgery, antibiotics to stop spread into healthy tissue, neutralize toxins via antitoxins |
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|
Term
| Susceptibility testing for anaerobes |
|
Definition
| agar dilution, broth dilution, beta-lactamase testing |
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Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the fetal membranes (amnion and chorion) due to a bacterial infection. |
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|
Term
| All anaerobic specimens should be refrigerated if they cannot be cultured within 1 hour of collection |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Most anaerobic infections are polymicrobic (mixed) |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Special potency disks containing polmycin and vancomycin can be used to presumptively identify anaerobes |
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Definition
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