Term
| Give the make up of Mump (Paramyxoviridae Rubulavirus). What other virus shares it |
|
Definition
1. (-) ssRNA nonsegmented 2. Helical nucleocapsid 3. Enveloped 1. Measles 2. RSV 3. Parainfluenzae |
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Term
| Give the symptoms of mumps |
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Definition
1. Neck, ear pain 2. Loss of appetite 3. Tiredness 4. Fever & headache 5. Swelling of the cheeks (parotid) & jaw |
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Term
| Orchitis is a complication of |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what is orchitis? Which infection is it assocaited w/ |
|
Definition
Swelling of the testes (bilateral or unilateral) Mumps |
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Term
| Give the most common complication of mumps |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Give the symptoms of meningocephalitis caused by mumps |
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Definition
1. Fever 2. Headache 3. Vomiting 4. Irritability & confusion 5. Stiff neck |
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|
Term
| In what age groups are you more likely to find mumps |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What seasons would you most likely to find mumps |
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Definition
| late winter & early spring |
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Term
| When does the mump virus shed? |
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Definition
| 1 to 2 days prior to onset of symptoms |
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Term
| Mumps infects the ______ _____ first, spreads to the _____ & local ______ _____ and spreads to _____ & distant _____ ____ |
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Definition
Respiratory tract Glands lymph nodes spleen lymph nodes |
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|
Term
| What's the vaccine for mumps called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| You give the mumps vaccine at infants age _____ and the second dose is recommended at ____ |
|
Definition
12-15 months 4-6 years of age |
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Term
| Who should not get the mumps vaccine. What should they get instead |
|
Definition
Immunosuppressed Immune serum globulin |
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Term
| Give the make up for Measles virus |
|
Definition
1. (-) ssRNA nonsegmented 2. Helical nucleocapsid 3. enveloped |
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Term
| What's the symptoms of the prodromal stage of measles virus |
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Definition
1. Fever 2. Runny nose 3. Cough 4. Red water eyes 5. Sensitivity t light |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Caused by the measles virus, they are lesions found on the roof of the mouth |
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|
Term
| Describe the maculopapular rash of measles. Where does it begin? Where does it spread to |
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Definition
| Begins on the face and spreads to the trunk, ab and arms/legs |
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Term
| What is the major complication of the measles followling one week after the rash appears |
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Definition
| Acute postinfectious encephalitis |
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Term
| what the 5 most common pediatric disease w/ a rash |
|
Definition
1. Measles 2. Rubella 3. Scarlet fever 4. Roseola (HHV6) Erythema infectiosum (Parvovirus B19) |
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Term
| Give the make up of Rubella Virus |
|
Definition
1. (+) ssRNA nonsegmented 2. Enveloped |
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|
Term
| what are the symptoms of Rubella? What glands get swollen? |
|
Definition
1. Fever for 24 hrs 2. Erythematous macropular rash 3. Cervical lymph nodes (back of the neck) |
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|
Term
| What's the greatest danger from rubella? |
|
Definition
| unborn babies, there is a chance of birth defect and miscarriage |
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|
Term
| What's the common manifestation from congenital rubella syndrome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When are rubella infections highest? What season |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For how many days does the Rubella virus shed for? |
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Definition
| 7 before the appearance of the rash and 7 after the appearance of the rash |
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Term
| Give the make up of Lyssavirus (Rabies) |
|
Definition
1. (-) ssRNA virus 2. Helical nucleocapsid 3. Enveloped |
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|
Term
| There are 4 stages to a rabies infection, name them |
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Definition
1. Parplegia stage 2. Encephalitis period 3. Furious stage 4. Paralytic stage |
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Term
| In paraplegia stage, the virus infects peripheral nerves & tranvels to the CNS, give the symptoms that presents |
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Definition
1. Tinging & prikcing at the site of the bite 2. Numbing & loss of motor control |
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Term
| In the Encephalitis period, where does the rabie virus infect |
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Definition
| Cerebellum, limbic or hippocampus |
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|
Term
| What are the symptoms of the Encephalitis period of rabies |
|
Definition
1. Fever 2. Terror 3. Excitement 4. Aggression 5. Coordinate problem |
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|
Term
| Give the classic signs of furious stage |
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Definition
1. Foaming at the mouth 2. Brainstem destruction leading to coma & death |
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|
Term
| What's the gold standard for diagnosis Rabies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe the Eclipse period of Rabies |
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Definition
1. Replicating (1 mn to 1 year) 2. Find Negri bodies 3. Hasn't made the jump to CNS |
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|
Term
| When would you find negri bodies in a rabies infection |
|
Definition
| Eclipse period (replicating) |
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|
Term
| When can you give a rabies vaccine to prevent the disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the treatment for Rabies |
|
Definition
Rabies vaccine "Human dipolid cell" |
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Term
|
Definition
1. West Nile 2. California 3. St. Louis, Western & Eastern equine 4. Colorado tick fever 5. Dengue "breakbone fever" 6. Yellow fever |
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|
Term
| Arbovirses have a ____ & a ______ where the virus repliacts & is transmitted back into the host |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How is West nile transmitted |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ _____ _____ causes the most common viral encephalitis |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of west nile |
|
Definition
1. Fever, chills 2. Vomit 3. Headache 4. Profound muscle weakness |
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|
Term
| What is the second most common cause of viral encephalitis |
|
Definition
| California Encephalitis Virus |
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|
Term
| Who is most at risk for California Encelphalitis virus |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the signs of California encephalitis virus |
|
Definition
1. Heachache 2. Vomiting 3. Focal neurological signs |
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|
Term
| This is the only arbo virus transmitted by tick |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of Colorado tick virus |
|
Definition
1. fever 2. Rash 3. Muscle aches |
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|
Term
| What kind of profile does Colorado tick virus have |
|
Definition
1. dsRNA segmented 2. Icosahedral 3. Nonenveloped |
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|
Term
| What's the make up of California encephalitis |
|
Definition
1. (-) ssRNA segmented 2. Helical nucleocapsid 3. Enveloped |
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|
Term
| What's the most common arboviral infection in the world |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does Flavivirus (dengue) cause backbone fever |
|
Definition
1. macrophages cause inflammation 2. Pryogen and pain mediators released 3. Breakbone fever |
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|
Term
| What are the hallmark of dengue fever |
|
Definition
| Extreme muscle & joint pain of the extremities |
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|
Term
| How do you get Dengue Haemoorhagic fever? |
|
Definition
1. Second infection by different serotype of Dengue 2. Increase of anti-bodies to first serotype 3. Cross-react to form immune complex 4. type III hypersentivity |
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|
Term
| What's the make up of Hanta virus? Which other virus shares it |
|
Definition
1. (-) ssRNA segmented 2. helical nucleocapsid California Encephalitis Virus |
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|
Term
| What's the host for hanta virus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hows hanta virus transmitted |
|
Definition
| Breath in urine & feces of carrier mice |
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|
Term
| What are the symptoms of the first few days of a hanta virus infection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the symptoms of a hanta virus infection |
|
Definition
1. Malaise & fever 2. anoxeria, nausea & vomiint (2 weeks) 3. Cardiopulmonary, GI bleeding & low platelet |
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|
Term
| What's the make up of Arenavirus |
|
Definition
1. (-) ssRNA nonsegmented 2. Helical nucleocapsid 3. Enveloped |
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|
Term
| What does Arenavirus (Lassa virus) cause? |
|
Definition
| Lymphocytic choriomeningitis |
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|
Term
| In who are you most likely to see Lymphocytic choriomeningitis |
|
Definition
| Children exposed to mouse urine feces |
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|
Term
| What are the symptoms of Lymphocytic choriomeningitis |
|
Definition
1. Fever 2. Multi-organ failure & death |
|
|
Term
| what are the symptoms of Lassa fever? What organism causes it |
|
Definition
1. Hemorrhagic fever 2. Arenavirus "lassa virus) |
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|
Term
| Filovirus can cause _____ & _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of Filovirus |
|
Definition
1. Hemorrhagic fever 2. Bleed from every orifice |
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|
Term
| HIV primary target is ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the consequences of decrease CD4 T cell as a result of HIV infection |
|
Definition
1. Decreased CD8 T cell proliferation 2. Decrease macrophage function due to reduce INF gamma |
|
|
Term
| why does HIV accumulate mutations |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the 4 methods of genetic variation of HIV |
|
Definition
1. Reverse transcriptase 2. Strand switching 3. Recombination 4. Transcription of proviral DNA by RNA poly II |
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|
Term
| What's the mechanism of strand switching |
|
Definition
1. RT starts synthesizing DNA 2. RT can jump to the other strand & continue synthesis DNA |
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|
Term
| How does transcription of proviral DNA by RNA poly II cause mutations |
|
Definition
| RNA poly II makes a new polymerase after integrating into host DNA |
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|
Term
| What's the consequences of Genetic variation for HIV |
|
Definition
1. Phenotypic switch 2. HAART 3. Immune escape from CTLs 4. Vaccine development difficult |
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|
Term
| Give an example of phenotypic switch for HIV |
|
Definition
| Monocyte tropsim (CCR5) to T-lymphocytes tropism (CXCR4) |
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|
Term
| Name the 7 major genes in HIV |
|
Definition
1. gag gene 2. pol gene 3. env gene 4. tat gene 5. Rev gene 6. Nef gene 7. Vif gene |
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|
Term
|
Definition
1. p24 (capsid) 2. MA protein (Matrix) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Protease 2. Integrase 3. Reverse transcriptase |
|
|
Term
| reverse transcriptase in HIV has ___ _______ activity & _____ _ activity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the function of Protease in HIV |
|
Definition
| Cleaves gag to MA, NP & CA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Integrates retroviral DNA into host 2. Contains endonuclease activity |
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|
Term
|
Definition
1. Envelope glycoprotein 120 (SU) 2. glycoprotein 41 (TM) |
|
|
Term
| the products of the env gene __ is located on the surface and __ is transmembrane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tat is the product of tat gene and allows ______ _____ to synthesize fully |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tat binds to ___ w/ cyclin T subunit of ___ which phosphorylation of the large subunit of ___ ____ __ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rev protein is a ___ _____ ______ that binds to ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rev protein activates _____ _____ of any RRE containing RNA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nef gene is translated from multiple sliced _____ _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the adsorption phase of HIV viral gp120 binds to _____ ______ ____ & gp41 binds to either _____ or _____ |
|
Definition
CD 4 T-Helper cells CCRS or CXCR4 |
|
|
Term
| CXCR4 is present on _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. RT makes cDNA and then degrades RNA & synthesizes DNA complementary strand 2. Transported into the nucleus and integrates |
|
|
Term
| Transcription of proviral DNA into genomic RNA & mRNA is done by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Spliced mRNA translated into early regulatory proteins ___, ___ & ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the function of Tat |
|
Definition
| It's imported into the nucleus & initates transcription from the proviral LTR |
|
|
Term
| Whos most at risk for HIV |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the most common route of HIV infection |
|
Definition
| Heterosexual transmission |
|
|
Term
| The initial infection of HIV starts off as |
|
Definition
| Asymptomatic or resembles mono nucleosis but has oral thrush |
|
|
Term
| in the inital infection stage CD 4 levels decrease due to ____ ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Clinical latency the CD4 cough < |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During clinical latency the patient is suspectible to _________ & _______ ______ |
|
Definition
| Lymphoadenopathy & opportunistic infections |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What malignancies are AIDS patients suspectible to |
|
Definition
Non Hodgkins lymphoma Kaposi sarcoma |
|
|
Term
| What fungal infections are AIDS patients suspectible to |
|
Definition
Candida albicans Cryptococcus neoformans Histoplasma Coccidoides |
|
|
Term
| What protozans infections are AIDS patients suspectible to |
|
Definition
PCP Toxoplasma Crytosporidum |
|
|
Term
| Name 4 Nucleoside Analog inhibitors of Reverse transcriptase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name 3 Protease inhibitors for HIV treatment |
|
Definition
| Saquinaiv, Indinavir Ritonavir |
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