Term
|
Definition
| How, when and why Genes are expressed |
|
|
Term
| What is the subdivision of the genome? |
|
Definition
| all genetic material is the Genome and its further divided into Chromosomes and plasmids and then genes and non coding regions |
|
|
Term
| what are the 4 nucleotides in DNA |
|
Definition
| Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine and Guanine |
|
|
Term
| what are the 4 nucleotides in RNA |
|
Definition
| Adenine, Urasil, Cytosine and Guanine |
|
|
Term
| What year was the structure of DNA discovered and who got credit? |
|
Definition
| 1953 Francis Crick and James Watson |
|
|
Term
| 2 enzymes responsible for the uncoiling of DNA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Enzyme that unzips the unwound DNA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Semi-Conservative replication |
|
Definition
| 1 parental strand + 1 new strand = daughter DNA |
|
|
Term
| What is the proofreading enzyme called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The first step in going from genes to proteins is called (not the entire genome) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What tells The RNA polymerase to stop |
|
Definition
| a specific region of DNA known as a terminator |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many non coding codons |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Codon preference or usage bias mainly serves what function |
|
Definition
| relates to the speed of translation |
|
|
Term
| How many t-RNA molecules are there? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when t-RNA has bound an amino acid what is it called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the site of the t-RNA called that binds to a codon |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the genetic makeup of an organism |
|
Definition
| Genotype - Anything an organism can make or do must be encoded for in the genotype |
|
|
Term
| the observable or measurable traits an organism has |
|
Definition
| Phenotype - For example, the ability to ferment lactose is a phenotype |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
occur when a change in one nucleotide results in a change of 1 amino acid
CTT to CTA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
These mutations occur when a base change results in a nonsense codon, prematurely stopping protein synthesis
ATG to ATT (stop) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Occur when one nucleotide is either added or subtracted from the gene so
The message is completely changed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| genes passed from parent to offspring |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| genes passed from one organism to another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to the passing of DNA from one bacteria to another in the form of naked DNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| killed mice by mixing non capsulated and dead capsulated bacteria and pulling out live capsulated bacteria. Naked DNA from dead decaying capsulated bacteria was taken up by live bacteria and they learned to make capsules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are nothing more that small self replicating circular pieces of extra-chromosomal DNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| carry genes for conjugation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| carry genes for unusual sugar and carbohydrate usage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| carry genes which encode antibiotic resistance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| carry genes which encode virulence traits |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs when a phage (virus of bacteria) accidentally transfers bacterial DNA into another host bacteria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small fragments of DNA which can move around or transpose to different locations in the genome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
any protein which decrease or prevent gene transcription
This is typically done by impeding the RNA Polymerase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
any protein which promote or increase gene transcription
This is typically done by removing repressors or promoting RNA polymerase binding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Binding site of repressors and inducers located upstream of the coding gene, and typically contains a regulatory gene, a promoter region and an operator region |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is where RNA polymerase binds to the DNA and initiates transcription |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is where repressors bind DNA to block transcription |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is upstream of both the promoter and operator, and encodes the repressors and inducers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are clusters of several genes which serve one function under control of a single regulatory region |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any use of life (cells, plants, microorganisms) to make a product |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
These recognize short sequences of DNA and cut reliable at the same place in that sequence.
DNA with blunt or sticky ends |
|
|
Term
| Transformation: (introducing a vector) |
|
Definition
| this is done with chemicals and temperature shock |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| this technique uses electricity to make small holes or pores in the cell though which the plasmid can travel. |
|
|
