Term
Mention a worm species for which ab ano ad os auto-reinfection is characteristic in
childhood! |
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Definition
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Term
Mention 2 worm species that migrate through the human lungs in the larval stage! |
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Definition
Ascaris lumbricoides
Ancylostoma duodenale
Necator americanus
Strongyloides stercoralis |
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Term
Which 2 protozoa may infect the human foetus transplacentally? |
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Definition
Toxoplasma gondii
Plasmodium species |
|
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Term
What is the laboratory diagnosis of malaria? |
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Definition
Giemsa-stained blood smears. Thick smear is used to screen for the agent, thin smear is
used to identify the species. |
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Term
How long is the erytrocytic cycle of Plasmodium vivax and P. ovale? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
How long is the erytrocytic cycle of Plasmodium malariae? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the causative agent of malignant malaria? |
|
Definition
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Term
Mention an antimalarial drug active against hypnozoites! |
|
Definition
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|
Term
How can one diagnose the African sleeping sickness disease? |
|
Definition
Giemsa-stained blood smears are used for direct demonstration
Serology may be helpful |
|
|
Term
What are the causative agents of African sleeping sickness? |
|
Definition
Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and rhodesiense |
|
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Term
How can one diagnose amebic dysenetery? |
|
Definition
Microscopic demonstration of E. histolytica cysts and trophozoites from feces |
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|
Term
How can one diagnose Trichomonas vaginalis infection? |
|
Definition
Direct demonstration of protozoa in wet mount or stained smear of clinical specimens
(vaginal, urethral or prostatic secretions). |
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Term
How can one diagnose intestinal taeniasis? |
|
Definition
Demonstration of characteristic proglottis and eggs (ova) in faeces. |
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Term
How can one diagnose Hymenolepis infection? |
|
Definition
Demonstration of eggs (ova) in faeces |
|
|
Term
How can one diagnose Ascaris infection? |
|
Definition
Demonstration of eggs (ova) in faeces |
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|
Term
How can one diagnose trichuriasis? |
|
Definition
Demonstration of eggs (ova) in faeces |
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|
Term
How can one diagnose Enterobius infection? |
|
Definition
Demonstration of eggs (ova) recovered from perianal skin (Scotch tape technique). Not
from feces! |
|
|
Term
Mention 4 tissue infecting filarial nematodes! |
|
Definition
Wuchereria bancrofti
Loa loa
Oncocerca volvulus
Dracunculus medinensis |
|
|
Term
How is human Fasciola hepatica infection acquired? |
|
Definition
By eating aquatic vegetation containing encysted larvae
(Rarely: by eating raw sheep liver containing adult worms) |
|
|
Term
What disease is caused if humans are infected per os with Taenia solium eggs? |
|
Definition
human cysticercosis (encysted larvae in brain, eyes, etc.) |
|
|
Term
How is human Trichinella spiralis infection acquired? |
|
Definition
By eating raw or undercooked meat containing encysted larvae |
|
|
Term
Mention 2 protozoa that are susceptible to metronidazol! |
|
Definition
Entamoeba histolytica
Giardia lamblia
Trichomonas vaginalis |
|
|
Term
What are the 3 modes of transmission for human Toxoplasma gondii infection? |
|
Definition
Eating undercooked meat containing tissue cysts,
Contact with cat feces containing oocysts
Transplacental transmission |
|
|
Term
Mention 2 helminths whose larvae enter the human body by penetratring the intact skin! |
|
Definition
Schistosoma
Ancylostoma duodenale
Necator americanus
Strongyloides stercoralis |
|
|
Term
Which developmental form of Echinococcus granulosus can occur in humans? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the definitive (ultimate) host of Echinococcus granulosus? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
Which species are the causative agents of malaria? |
|
Definition
Plasmodium vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae, P. falciparum |
|
|
Term
What is the definitive (ultimate) host of Plasmodium species? |
|
Definition
female Anopheles mosquito |
|
|
Term
What are the definitive, and the intermediate hosts of Taenia saginata, respectively? |
|
Definition
definitive host: human
intermediate host: cattle |
|
|
Term
What is the infectious form of Strongyloides stercoralis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the infectious form of Trichuris trichiura? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which form of Taenia saginata is infectious for humans? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
Is autoreinfection possible in Ascaris lumbricoides infection? If yes, when? |
|
Definition
No, the eggs must mature in the soil for several days to become infectious
(embryonated) |
|
|
Term
Is autoreinfection possible in Strongyloide stercoralis infection? If yes, when? |
|
Definition
yes, in immunosuppression (for example: AIDS) |
|
|
Term
Is autoreinfection possible in Enterobius vermicularis infection? If yes, when? |
|
Definition
yes, the eggs become infectious in a few hours, and ab ano ad os autoinfection may
occur (especially in children) |
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