Term
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Definition
Methanogens (stricly anaerobic, degrade molecules to methane)
Extreme halophiles (obligate aerobes, high salt)
Hyperthermophiles (high temps) |
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Term
| Largest taxonomic group in Bacteria |
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Definition
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| Streptococci Differentiation most important pathogens |
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Definition
| Beta Hemolytic (completely lyses red blood cells) |
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Term
| How are mycobacteria identified microscopically? |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
body - hyphae
mass of hyphae - myclelium |
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Term
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Definition
| non filamentous unicellular fungi |
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Term
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Definition
| symbiotic association of fungus and algae |
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Term
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Definition
simple eukaryotes
photoautotrophic |
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Term
| How much atmospheric oxygen is produced by algae? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of algae cause red tide? |
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Definition
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Term
Intermediate host of malaria
(where asexual replication occurs) |
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Definition
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Term
Definitive host of malaria
(organism that harbors adult) |
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Definition
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Term
| Vector of African Sleeping sickness |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| Vector of Epidemic typhus |
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Definition
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Term
| Vector of R. M. Spotted Fever |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat |
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Term
| First virus to be seen by electron microscopy |
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Definition
tobacco mosaic virus
by Wendell Stanley |
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Term
| Protein coat around the nucleic acid core of a virus |
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Definition
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Term
| Who pioneered the method of growing viruses in embryonated eggs? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Bacteriophages are mixed with bacteria then put in agar. As the host cells are killed, transparent spots in a cloudy lawn can be seen. Each spot is a plaque and corresponds to one bacteriophage. # of plaques --> plaque forming units |
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Term
| Plaque Method for animal viruses |
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Definition
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Term
| Steps of Viral Lytic Cycle |
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Definition
Attachment
Penetration
Biosynthesis
Maturation
Release |
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Term
| When a prophage exits the bacterial chromosome, it can carry and package adjacent bacterial genes |
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Definition
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Term
| How does replication of animal viruses differ from phage replication? |
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Definition
Penetration (whole virus enters by endocytosis)
Uncoating |
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Term
| Positive strand serves as mRNA for synthesis of capsid proteins |
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Definition
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Term
| enveloped positive strand virus |
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Definition
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Term
| caries a viran RNA dependent RNA polymerase that synthesizes the positive RNA strand |
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Definition
| Negative sense RNA genome |
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Term
| One new protein is NA dependent RNA polymerase needed to synthesize negative strands and other new proteins form capsid |
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Definition
| Double stranded RNA genome |
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Term
RNA genome, but replication occurs by way of a DNA intermediate
carries own RNA dependent DNA polymerase |
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Definition
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Term
| when the double stranded DNA intermediate then permanently integrates into host cell DNA |
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Definition
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Term
| Infectious proteins that catalyze a change in the conformation of normal proteins molecules and cause disease |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| scientific study of disease including etiology (cause) and pathogenesis (way it develops) |
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Term
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Definition
| Colonization by a microorganism (doesn't mean you have disease) |
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Term
| Steps in Koch's Postulate |
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Definition
1. Same pathogen must be present in every case
2. Pathogen must be isolated from diseased host and grown in pure culture
3. Pathogen from pure culture must cause disease when inoculated in healthy animal
4. Pathogen must be isolated from inoculated animal and shown to be the same as original organism |
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Term
| Difference in Sign/Symptom |
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Definition
Symptom cannot be directly observed (pain discomfort)
Sign is a change in physical appearance (fever, swelling) |
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Term
| Difference between incidence/prevalence of disease |
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Definition
incidence indicated spread of disease (new cases)
prevalence - old and new |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
blood poisoning
bacteremia, viremia, toxemia |
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Term
| Development of Disease phases |
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Definition
| Incubation, Prodromal, Period of Illness, Period of Decline, Period of convalescense |
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Term
| Hospital Acquired Infections |
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Definition
Nosocomial
most common: staph |
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Term
| Father of Epidemiology, studied cholera outbreak |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| AIDS, Measles, Tetanus, Typhoid Fever, Gonorrhea |
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Term
| the ability of a host organism to cause disease by overcoming the defenses of a host |
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Definition
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Term
| Adherence to host tissues |
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Definition
pathogen has adhesins or ligands
adhesins are usually glycoproteins or lipoproteins |
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Term
| How does capsules aid pathogens |
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Definition
| capsules inhibit phagocytosis by macrophages |
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Term
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Definition
| Aids in attachment to epithelial cells, resists phagocytosis by making cell think it sees a clot |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| degrade lysosomal compartment |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| cause disruption of cell membranes of red and white blood cells |
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Term
| How do bacteria gain access to host cell |
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Definition
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Term
| How do bacterial pathogens damage host cells? |
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Definition
Direct damage at site of invasion
Use of host resources (iron stolen by siderophores)
Toxin production |
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Term
| Produced by bacteria an released from cell to do damage elsewhere |
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Definition
Exotoxins: cytotoxins, neurotoxins, enterotoxins
made by gram positive bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
protein consisting of an active domain and binding domain
ex: diptheria toxin, cholera toxin |
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Term
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Definition
interfere with nerve impulse transmission
ex: botulinum toxin, tetanus toxin |
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Term
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Definition
Produced by gram negative bacteria (in LPS)
lipid portion (Lipid A) is the endotoxin |
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Term
| shock caused by gram negative bacteria |
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Definition
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Term
| the visible effects of viral infection in a cell |
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Definition
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