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| 4 Names for Microorganisms |
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Definition
| Microbes, M.O.s, germs, bugs |
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| Single Cell Microorganisms (3 types) |
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Definition
| bacteria, fungi, protozoa |
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| Multi-cellular Microorganisms (2 types) |
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| Acellular Microorganisms (3 types) |
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| Infectious disease is the ? leading cause of disease in North America |
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| prevents disease, protect workers and family |
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| Microbe that normally causes disease |
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| doesn't normally cause disease |
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| nonpathogens that may cause disease |
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| 1/3 to 1/4 of European population in Middle Ages killed by |
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| Bubonic Plague (black death) |
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| Wiped out by European Explorers |
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Definition
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| World Wide Influenza, 30/40 mil. deaths |
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| killed 300 million in 20th Century |
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| Golden Age of Microbiology |
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| Anton vanLeeuwenhoek called |
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| Louis Pasteur discovered/invented |
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Definition
| alcohol fermentation, germ theory, pasteurization, vaccines (rabies) |
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| Robert Koch discovered/formulated |
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Definition
| germ theory (Koch's postulates), culture techniques, causes of cholera and TB |
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Definition
| Somalian cook, last smallpox case |
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| year smallpox declared eradicated by UN |
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| Deaths worldwide each year from preventable infectious disease (2003-2005) |
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| Top 10 Infectious Diseases causing Death |
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Definition
| Acute Lower Respiratoryy Infection, HIV/AIDS, Diarreheol, Turbuculosis, Malaria, Measles, Hep. B, Pertussis, Tetanus, Meningitis |
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| Reasons for increase in Infectious Disease |
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Definition
| International travel, Increasing populations, breakdown of public health measures, microbial adaptation |
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Definition
| Vaccines, Insulin, Antibiotics |
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| Environmental cleanup Microbes, termed |
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Definition
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Definition
| Prokaryotes (bacteria), Eukaryotes (animal, plant cells) |
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| Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes both have |
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Definition
| cytoplasm, ribosomes, DNA, membrane |
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| Cellular type with NO nucleus |
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Definition
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| Cellular type with multiple chromosomes |
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Definition
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| Cellular type with NO organelles |
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Definition
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| Cellular type with NO cell wall |
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Definition
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| Smaller of the two cellular types |
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| Term for categorization of organisms |
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| Plantae, Fungi, Animals, Protista, Monera |
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| Mushrooms, Molds, Yeast (Kingdom) |
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Definition
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| Vertebrates, Insects (Kingdom) |
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| Protozoa, Slime Molds (Kingdom) |
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| King Phillip Comes Over For Good Supper |
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Definition
| Kingdom Phylum Order Family Genus Species |
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| formatting for writing species |
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Definition
| Genus, first letter capitalized, species all lower case. Bother underlined *seperately* or in italics |
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| Microbes within species with a specific genetic variation |
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| nanometers in a micrometer |
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| micrometers in a millimeter |
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| Light Microscope Magnification |
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| Electron Microscope Magnification |
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Definition
| over 20 million times (viral particles) |
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| Shape and arrangement, or |
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| Spherical or Round Bacteria |
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| Curved Rod shaped bacteria |
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| Rigid wave shaped bacteria |
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Definition
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| Where are Spirochete shaped bacteria found |
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| Grape-cluster shaped bacterium |
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| Purpose of staining Techniques |
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Definition
| Visualize, identify, differentiate bacteria |
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| Purpose of Heat Fixing during Staining |
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Definition
| kills bacteria and sticks to slide |
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| Steps of Gram Staining (4) |
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| 1. Crystal Violet: stains both purple, 2. Iodine: stains both blue-purple, 3. Alcohol wash: +ve remains blue-purple and -ve loses stain, 4. Safranin -ve stains orange-red |
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| outer membranes in Gram -ve bacteria |
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Definition
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| Grame +ve bacteria such as staphylococcus aureus are susceptible to |
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Definition
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| Gram -ve bacteria such as e. coi are susceptible to |
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Definition
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| Gram classification of bacteria with periplasmic space |
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Definition
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| Gram classification of bacteria with periplasmic space |
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Definition
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| Gram classified bacteria with thinner peptidoglycan |
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Definition
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| which Gram bacteria has outer membrane |
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Definition
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| Sticky layer of polysaccharide and small proteins |
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| protection, adhesion, water balance |
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| a thick tightly bound layer of glycocalyx |
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| thin and flowing glycocalyx |
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| colonies of glycocalyx-covered bacteria form |
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| Bacteria with hard protein shells that protect them for years, extremely resistant |
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| some Sporeform diseases (5) |
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Definition
| anthrax, tetanus, gas gangrene, botulism, C. Difficile |
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| two types of bacterial appendage |
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| long thread-like appendages that aid motility |
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| short hair-like appendages on bacteria |
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| types of pili (2), functions |
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Definition
| fimbria - attach, sex pili - transfer genetic material |
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| bacteria reproduce by (not mitosis) |
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Definition
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| Doubling time of bacteria |
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Definition
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| bacterial Generation period |
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| bacterial growth required temperature |
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| oxygen breathing bacteria |
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Definition
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| bacteria that can't grow in oxygen |
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| bacteria that can grow regardless of presence/absence of oxygen |
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| bacteria requiring small amounts of oxygen |
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Definition
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| bacteria requiring small amounts of oxygen |
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Definition
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| acellular microorganism starting with v (lol) |
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Definition
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Definition
| protein coat (capside), nucleic acid (DNA *or* RNA) |
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| subunits of capsid are called |
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Definition
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Definition
| protective, powering, assists in host penetration during replication |
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| part of virus that elicit's immune response |
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Definition
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| a naked virus is also termed |
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Definition
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| additional covering external to capsid of virus |
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Definition
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| viruses are named for (4) |
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Definition
| where they infect, who discovered, geographic location, appearance |
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| to reproduce, viruses must be |
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Definition
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Definition
| synthesize protein or generate energy |
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| viruses require what to reproduce |
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Definition
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Term
| viral reproduction phases (5) |
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Definition
| attachment, penetration, biosynthesis, maturation/assembly, release |
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| time from attachment to release of new viruses |
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Definition
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| internal bacterial burst time |
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Definition
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| burst time within single animal |
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Definition
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| number of viruses released upon maturation |
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Definition
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| inactive/dormant viral cycle, no symptoms |
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Definition
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Definition
| the active reproduction of a virus |
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| dormant virions may be activated by |
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| viruses that permanently alter host genetic code and produce mutations leading to cancer |
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Definition
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| Papilloma Virus, Herpes Virus, and Hep B are examples of |
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Definition
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Term
| arguments that viruses are not 'alive' (3) |
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Definition
| need other cells, no replication or energy production, use RNA or DNA, not both |
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Term
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Definition
| proteinaceous infection particle |
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| Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is caused by |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies |
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Definition
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Definition
| consumption, mutation, inheritance |
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Definition
| normal brain development, hematopoesis (blood cell production), and immune system (t-cell production) |
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