Term
| why is attachment required? |
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Definition
| host nonspecific defenses routinely remove unattached microbes |
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Term
| how is attachment highly specific? |
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Definition
| usually species and tissue specific |
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Term
| microbe uses ___ to attach to the host cell's ___ |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| external protein, glycoprotein or carb |
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Term
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Definition
| membrane protein of glycoprotein that has normal cell function that the microbe has developed a complimentary structure that enables attachment |
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Term
| adhesins are often associated with what bacterial structure? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| intracellular pathogen, privileged sites, uptake of host molecules |
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Term
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Definition
any antibody generating substance
normally a protein or carb on the outside of the microbe |
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Term
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Definition
| avoid circulating antibodies and cytotoxic T cells |
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Term
| three ways intracellular microbes survive |
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Definition
| inhibiting formation and destroying phagolysosome membrane and inducing phagocytosis by non-leukocytes |
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Term
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Definition
| those locations that do not normally contain circulating antibodies or cytotoxic T cells |
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Term
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Definition
| epithelial layers, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial joints, testes |
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Term
| types of concealment of antigens |
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Definition
| intracellular pathogens, privileged sites, uptake of host molecules |
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Term
|
Definition
| coating the pathogen with host molecules to prevent detectoin by immune defenses |
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Term
| types of avoiding and overcoming host defenses |
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Definition
| concealment of antigens, antigenic variation, immunosuppression |
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Term
| types of antigenic variation |
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Definition
| mutation, recombination, programmed gene switching |
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Term
|
Definition
| change in protein structure of primary antigens used by immune system to destroy pathogen |
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Term
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Definition
| change in genetic info to the extent that key antigens are no longer recognized by the immune system |
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Term
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Definition
| a slow accumulation of mutations in the key antigens as the virus spreads through the populaiton |
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Term
|
Definition
| mixing of genetic info from tow different sources |
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Term
| programmed gene switching |
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Definition
| a programmed rearrangement of genetic information to alter the key antigens that the immune system is targeting |
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Term
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Definition
| destruction or inhibition of components of the immune system which enable the microbe to survive until it spreads to a new host |
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Term
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Definition
| spike proteins on the outside of influenza A envelope |
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Term
| example of intracellular viral pathogens |
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Definition
all viruses
HIV in macrophages; HSV in neurons |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| example of obligate intracellular bacteria |
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Definition
| chlamydia, rickettsia, mycoplasma |
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Term
| example of facultative intracellular bacteria |
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Definition
|
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Term
| example of intracellular protozoa |
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Definition
|
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Term
| bacteria that inhibits phagolysosome formation |
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Definition
| mycobacterium tuberculosis |
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Term
| bacteria that destroys phagolysosome membrane |
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Definition
|
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Term
| example of inducing phagocytosis by non-leukocytes |
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Definition
| slamonella, shigella, plasmodium |
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Term
| example of microbe that uses epithelial cells as privileged site |
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Definition
| influenza virus, bordetella pertusis |
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Term
| example of microbe that uses CSF as privileged site |
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Definition
| meningitis-causing bacteria |
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Term
| bacteria that binds plasma proteins to membrane |
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Definition
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Term
| example of microbe that binds signaling region of antibodies to membrane |
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Definition
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Term
| example of microbe that uses programmed gene switching |
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Definition
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Term
| % of genome involved in switching coat proteins of trypanosoma |
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Definition
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Term
| Types of immunosuppression |
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Definition
| inhibition of humoral and cell-mediated immune systems, destruction of T-cells, destruction of B-cells, destruction of antibodies, inhibition of phagocyte cells |
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Term
| example of microbe that inhibts humoral and cell-mediated immune systems |
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Definition
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Term
| example of microbe that destroys T-cells |
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Definition
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Term
| example of microbe that destroys B-cells |
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Definition
|
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Term
| example of microbe that destroys antibodies |
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Definition
| IgA protease produced by meningitis-causing bacteria |
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