Term
|
Definition
| all chemical reactions taking place within a cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the study of life processes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| energy requiring, produces cell components |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| energy yielding, produces waste products |
|
|
Term
| Is the cell an open or closed system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| supplying cells with the chemical constituents (nutrients) of monomers |
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 nutrients that the cells eat |
|
Definition
| macronutrients, micronutrients, essential nutrients, metabolite |
|
|
Term
| what percent of the cell is carbon? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| carbon from organic carbon sources (eating from building blocks) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| carbon from CO2, energy from light or organic molecules |
|
|
Term
| What percent of the cell is nitrogen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is a large source of oxygen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| molecular oxygen is required for what |
|
Definition
| energetic needs and terminal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some other macronutrients? |
|
Definition
| phosphorus, sulfur, potassium, magnesium, calcium, sodium, iron |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are organic molecules required in small amounts |
|
|
Term
| Vitamins are what? Think physiology |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 4 vitamins mentioned in lecture? |
|
Definition
| thiamine, biotin, pyridoxine, coalbumin |
|
|
Term
| Growth factor requirements: phototroph |
|
Definition
| derives all carbon requirements from the principle carbon source (glucose) |
|
|
Term
| Growth factor requirements: auxotroph |
|
Definition
| Requires one or more organic nutrients in addition to the principle carbon source. (can make all required C from media along, need one thing provided) |
|
|
Term
| Catalysis and enzymes control what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is activation energy? |
|
Definition
| amount of energy required to bring all molecules in a chemical reaction to the reactive state |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lowers the activation energy, increases rate of reaction and is unchanged |
|
|
Term
| What is an enzyme (general) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gets sent outside the cell to aid in absorption from the outside |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| proteins, catalyze a specific rxn, substrate, enzyme-substrate complex, active site, product, endoenzymes, exoenzymes |
|
|
Term
| What are the two requirements of catalysis? |
|
Definition
| bind correct substrate, position substrate relative to active site |
|
|
Term
| What is the structure of enzymes? |
|
Definition
| precise conformation, prosthetic groups, coenzymes |
|
|
Term
| What is a prosthetic group? |
|
Definition
| a larger group attached to an enzyme |
|
|
Term
| Is the enzyme chemically changed in a reaction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is one way that the cell generates energy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a redox reaction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in a redox rxn, what e- is the energy source? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the intermediates in electron transfers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the primary electron donor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the terminal electron acceptor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of energy change is there with electron carrieres? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three stages of redox rxns? |
|
Definition
| removal of electrons from primary donor, transfer of electrons through one or a series of electron carriers, and addition of electrons to terminal acceptor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of bonds are present in the storage of electrons? |
|
Definition
| high energy phosphate bonds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- prime energy carrier
- two high energy P bonds
- formed during exergonic rxns
- drives endergonic rxns |
|
|
Term
| Types of Redox: Fermentation--are electron terminals added to aid the process? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Types of Redox: Fermentation - what is oxidation couples to? |
|
Definition
| reduction of substrate derived organic compound |
|
|
Term
| Types of Redox: Fermentation, what are the products and what is the net ATP production? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Types of Redox: Respiration - what is the process |
|
Definition
| O2, some other oxidant is terminal electron acceptor |
|
|
Term
| Types of Redox: Respiration: what is oxidation coupled to? |
|
Definition
| reduction of electron acceptor |
|
|
Term
| Types of Redox: Reduction - what does it form and what is the ATP production? |
|
Definition
| CO2 and 36 (proks) 38 (euks) |
|
|
Term
| respiration and electron transport systems control the transfer of ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Respiration and electron transport systems: what is it? |
|
Definition
| membrane-associated electron carriers |
|
|
Term
| Respiration and electron transport systems: Functions |
|
Definition
| Accept, transfer electrons and conserve energy |
|
|
Term
| What generates proton motive force? |
|
Definition
| Respiration and electron transport systems |
|
|
Term
| What is the proton motive force? |
|
Definition
| electron transport carriers orientated in membrane |
|
|
Term
| What occurs across the membrane of the proton motive force? |
|
Definition
| separation of protons from electrons |
|
|
Term
| Where are protons transported in proton motive force? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are electrons transported in proton motive force? |
|
Definition
| through chain to the cell, where they pass to a final acceptor |
|
|
Term
| What does the proton motive force generate? |
|
Definition
| a pH gradient and an electrochemical potential |
|
|
Term
| What are the two major energy categories of microorganisms? |
|
Definition
| phototrophs and chemotrophs (chemotrophs break down into chemoorganotrophs and chemolithotrophs) |
|
|
Term
| How do phototrophs get energy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do chemotrophs get energy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chemotrophs: chemoorgaanotrophs energy requiremetns |
|
Definition
| organic molecules- carbon, etc |
|
|
Term
| Chemotrophs: chemolithotrophs energy requirement |
|
Definition
| need inorganic molecules (aid in creating the biosphere) |
|
|
Term
| Carbon: energy/carbon categories - photoautotroph |
|
Definition
| photosynthesis (fixes CO2) |
|
|
Term
| Carbon: energy/carbon categories - photoheterotroph |
|
Definition
| light but need preformed organic molecules |
|
|
Term
| Carbon: energy/carbon categories - chemoheterotroph (chemoorganoheterotroph |
|
Definition
| premade organic molecules and same molecules for building blocks |
|
|
Term
| Carbon: energy/carbon categories - chemoheterotroph (chemoorganoautotroph) |
|
Definition
| Get carbon from Carbon fixation |
|
|
Term
| Carbon: energy/carbon categories - chemolithoautotroph |
|
Definition
| *** listen to lecture and fill in |
|
|
