Term
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Definition
| Cell is the basic unit of life that originate from pre-existing cells. All living things are made of cells. |
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Term
| What are the common components and function of all cells |
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Definition
All cells have:
Cell membranes to screen what goes in and out of a cell.
have cytosol/cytoplasam
use and make energy
have gentic material
have Rihbosomes
Grow and reproduce
interact with the environment and other cells |
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Term
| What are the basic cell types? |
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Definition
| Prokaryotes, Eucaryotes, and various. |
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Term
| What are some charachterstics of a cell? |
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Definition
highly organized
capable of growth and reproduction
hereditary: can be passed to off spring
energy is genrarated and utilized
flagella
cell membrane
cell wall (plants, fungus, bacteria) |
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Term
| What are some characteristics exclusive to prokaryotes(bacteria)? |
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Definition
Have shape and structure
Have sim[pler structure
No membrane bound organelles or neuclus
cell is present in all except mycoplasama
Flaglelum in xome
Pilus
cellmembrane/cytoplasmic membrane |
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Term
| What are the two types of prokayotes? |
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Definition
| Eubateria(modern bacteria) and archaebacteria |
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Term
| What are some morphologies of eubacteria? |
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Definition
| Sperical, cylindrical, spiral, pleomorphic |
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Term
| What are some energy sources of eubacteria? |
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Definition
| Photosynthetic cyanobacteria, inorganic compounds (sulfur, amonia), organic compounds (carbon), fastidous environmont(every environment) |
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Term
| What are some of the specializations of Archaebacteria? |
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Definition
Themophiles(resistant to heat
thermoacidophiess (resistant to heat and acid)
Acidphiles((resistant to heat
Halophiles(resistant to halogens)
Methangenic (methane resistan) |
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Term
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Definition
Can be as simple as a unicellular yeast or as complex as a Fillamentous, multicellular mold that useses organic compounds as a source of energe, has cell wall comprised of chitin or polysachrides
Makes use of spores for reproduction dissemination and survival |
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Term
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Definition
Photosynthetic Eucaryote
Unicellular or multicellular filaments
brown, red algae |
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Term
| What are Prozoa/Protists? |
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Definition
| Unicellular, non-photosynthetic, exhibit different locomotive strategies |
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Term
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Definition
DNA or RNA
Has a capsid, and borrowed envelo;ped, no cell wall, no cell m embrane, no cytoplasm, no nucleurs, no energy source, inanimate object, requires a host to be considered alive |
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Term
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Definition
| Basic substance that cannot be broken down into other simple substances. Have same type of atoms. Have different atomic number (number of protons). |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Atoms of a particular element that difffer only in the number of neutrons they contain. |
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Term
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Definition
| Two or more atoms of different elements combined together. Each compound has a chemical formula. |
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Term
| What are some uses for isotopes? |
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Definition
| Biological Research, carbon dating:archeological uses, and tracers |
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Term
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Definition
| The smallest part of a compound that still has the propertiess ofr that compound |
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Term
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Definition
| The smallest part of a compound that still has the propertiess ofr that compound |
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Term
| What types of reactions are there? |
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Definition
| Covalent, Ionic, oxidation and reduction. |
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Term
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Definition
sharing of elctrons
water,CO2, H2, O2 |
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Term
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Definition
| Give or take of electrons charged (+ or -) |
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Term
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Definition
Oxidation--Loss of electrons
Rdecution--Gain of electrons |
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Term
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Definition
Measures acidity on a scale from 0-14
0-7 measures acidity (how much hydrogen is available)
7-14 measures basic or alkailine: how much hydroxide ions are available |
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Term
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Definition
Substances that have hydrogen ions in solution
HCL: hydrochloric acid
H2SO4: Sulfuric acid
HN03: nitric acid |
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Term
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Definition
Substances that have hydroxide ions in solution:
NaOH(sodium hydroxide)
KOH(potassium hydroxide)
Mg(OH)2(Magnesium Hydroxide |
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Term
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Definition
Acid plus a base
Neutral in pH
NaCl sodium chloride
AgNO3 silver nitrate
CaCl2 calcium chloride |
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Term
| What are the building blocks of a cell? |
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Definition
| Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids/fats and oils, and nucleic acids.; |
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Term
| What are chromosomes made from? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Carbons with water attached to them |
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Term
| What are the two types of carbohydrates? |
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Definition
| Simple sugars and complex sugars |
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Term
| What is antoher name for sugar? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two kinds of simple sugars? |
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Definition
| Mono-Sacharide and Di-Siacharide |
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Term
| What is one unit of glucose made up of (mono-sacharide)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the six carbon mono-sacharide? |
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Definition
| Hexose, glucose, Dextrose, Galactose Fructose |
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Term
| What are the five carbon mono-sacharide? |
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Definition
| Pentose, ribose,and ribulose |
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Term
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Definition
| Monoasacharides connected by a glycocidic bond. |
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Term
| What are some examples of disacharides? |
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Definition
Lactose-glucose and Galactose connected by glicidic bond
Sucrose-glucose and fructose connected by glcose cidic bond
Maltose- two glucose molecules |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Complex(Bulky big, more energy to use the energy) |
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Definition
Startch-anything made up of glucose only and it is found in plants
Glycogen-found in animals and humans, when excess startch is consumed glucose is converted to glycgen and stored in the liver for later use. Inslin will break it down to use
Celluse:roughage, twigs |
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Term
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Definition
| Complex carbs are better. Energy will be sustained throughout the day. Simple sugars are good for a quick boost of energy (candy). Fructose, sucrose, glucose |
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Term
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Definition
| carry instructions to make protiens |
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Term
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Definition
| Building blocks of proteins |
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Term
Di-peptide
Tri-peoptide
Polypeptide |
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Definition
two or more amino acids linked together
three or morre amino acids linked togehter
so many linked we can't count it is our protein |
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Term
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Definition
| The bonds connecting the amino acids togehter. |
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Term
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Definition
| The body makes 11 of the proteins and then you add 9 through your diet. |
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Term
| What are some functions of protein? |
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Definition
Protein can serve as:
a catalyst (enzymes)
Transpor-molecules through blood
Motion/flagelum (the structure of flagelum are protein)
Strutral-skelton
Toxins- a biological posion--bi-products of bacteria
Chemical Messengers-
Binding proteins-use proteins to produce ATP, energy and which lets cells talk to each other
Chemotaxis-
Ion transport
Energy transformation
protection---antibodies
Chemical Messengers- |
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Term
| What are the three kinds of RNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is mRNA and what does it do? |
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Definition
| mRNA is the messenger produced fromDNA through transcription it codes for amino acids. |
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Term
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Definition
| Insoluble organic material from plants and animals. |
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Term
| What is the difference btw. fats and oils? |
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Definition
| Fats are solid at rt and oils are liquid at rt. |
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Term
| Why do fats stay solid at rt? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two kinds of fats |
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Definition
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Term
| What order does the body prefer to break food down in? |
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Definition
Carbohydrates
Fats and oils
Proteins |
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Term
Saturated
Unsaturated
Polyunsaturated |
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Definition
All single bonds btw carbons
Two or more bonds w/ double btw carb ons
multiple double bonds |
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Term
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Definition
| rNA is used in tralation making of proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| tRNA(20kinds)bind and collect specific amino acids on a single strand consits of adenine, guaninej, cytosine, urcil nucleotides. |
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Term
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Definition
| rNA is used in tralation making of proteins |
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Term
| What are some of the characteristics of eucaryotic cell? |
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Definition
| cytoplasmic memberane, cytoplasm, Mitochondrion (ATP energy), choroplast/plastids, golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum (rough and smooth), Ribosomes, nucleus, nucleolus, chromosomes/ nucleoid (bacteria) DNA, vacuoles, lysosomes, microbodies, endospores, cytoskeleton, flagellum, pilus, cilia |
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