Term
| What is a opportunistic pathogenic fungus in humans? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| normal microbiota for many individuals |
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Term
| What is TRUE about pathogenic fungi? |
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Definition
they can infect any susceptible host regardless of its immune status
they are dimorphic
they produce yeast forms at 37*C
they are relatively resistant to phagocytic killing |
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Term
| What is FALSE about fungi? |
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Definition
| FALSE-- they have the ability to form mycelial thalli that are very invasivve |
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Term
| What is type of agar is preferred for the culture of fungi? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a technique that reveals the presence of fungal cells in tissues? |
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Definition
| KOH tx and Gomori methenamine silver (GMS) staining |
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Term
| The most COMMON pathogenic fungus affecting humans is? |
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Definition
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Term
| Mycoses are difficult to treat b/c? |
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Definition
| fungicides have numberous side effects and fungal cells are similar to human cells |
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Term
| All the TRUE PATHOGENIC fungi are? |
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Definition
| members of the Ascomycota and are dimorphic |
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Term
| Ocular histoplasmosis is a? |
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Definition
| type I hypersensitivity immune rx |
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Term
| What is the diagnostic structure produced by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis? |
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Definition
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Term
| a young woman is experiencing fever, chest pain, difficulty breathing, and a cough that occasionally brings up mucus containing blood. She reports having visited family in rural New Mexico over the Labor Day weekend. A GMS- stain sample from her lungs shows the presence of large spherules. What is the most likely infecting agent? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is TRUE about Candida? |
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Definition
it is present in the digestive tract of 40-80% of all healthy people
it can be passed to babies during childbirth
it causes thrush
it can be transmitted to adults during sex |
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Term
| what is FALSE about Candida? |
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Definition
| FALSE= it is easily treated with topical antifungals in immunocompromised pt's |
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Term
| An avid gardener in eastern North America begins to have a fever and cough. A sample from her lungs contains yeast cells. She may be infected with? |
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Definition
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Term
| The most common disease produced in humans by Cryptococcus is? |
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Definition
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Term
| What fungal infection is rare prior to the AIDS epidemic? |
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Definition
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Term
| Pneumocystis jiroveci is? |
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Definition
| an bligate parasite that cannot survive outside the lungs |
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Term
| An immunocompromised patient has a severe nasal infection that has blocked his ability to breathe through his nose. A sample taken from the nose is treated w/KOH and is found to have largehyphae with very few septa. What disease may the pt have? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the diagnostic feature of Trichosporon beigelii? |
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Definition
| the presence of soft white to gray nodules |
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Term
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Definition
| dermatophytes groing in the upper dead tissue layers of the skin |
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Term
| Histoplasma capsulatum is an? |
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Definition
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Term
| What dermatophytes infect hair as well as skin? |
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Definition
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Term
| White patches on the surgace of the toungue and the oral mucosa accompanied by inflammation and swelling are signs consistent with? |
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Definition
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Term
| What fungal infection may progress to infection of the brain? |
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Definition
| Coccidioides immitis, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Mucor |
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Term
| A tumor-like infection that produces an oily fluid containing fungal granules is known as? |
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Definition
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Term
| A sample of the tissue from an inflamed, pus-filled area on the lower leg is treated with KOH and stained with GMS. Under the microscope golden brown spheres are visible. What disease are these observations consistent with? |
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Definition
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Term
| What fungal infection can be contracted through thorn pricks or wood splinters? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is TRUE regarding Malassezia? |
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Definition
It is part of the microbiota of the skin
it tends to develop into a chronic infection
it causes pityriasis
it is a basidomycete |
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Term
| what is FALSE concerning Malassezia? |
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Definition
| FALSE= it causes phaeohyphomycosis |
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Term
| the monomorphic fungus Rhizopus is a? |
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Definition
| common bread mold and an opportunistic pathogen |
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Term
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Definition
| ingestion of toxic mushrooms |
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Term
| What is referred to as the "deaht cap" mushroom? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a false morel that causes bloody diarrhea, conculsions, and death within two days? |
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Definition
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Term
| Ergometrine, which is used to stimulate labor contractions, is a product of ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is true of mycotoxicosis but NOT mycetismus? |
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Definition
| The fungus is not present |
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Term
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Definition
| toxin that acts as a hullucinogen |
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Term
| Chronic inhalation of particular fungal allergens would lead to? |
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Definition
| a type III hypersensitivity reaction |
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Term
| What causes Rose-gardener's disease? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| mycotoxin associated with liver cancer |
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Term
| What causes sclerotic bodies? |
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Definition
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Term
| What causes Pseudallescheria? |
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Definition
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Term
| What symptoms do Pityriasis cause? |
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Definition
| patches of hyperpigmented and depigmented skin on the trunk and arms |
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Term
| What does Trichophyton rubrum cause? |
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Definition
| infeciton of the hair, nails, and skin |
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Term
| What does Psilocybe cubensis produce? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does Amanita phalloides cause? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does Claviceps purpurea produce? |
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Definition
| a toxin that is used to treat migrane headaches |
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Term
| T/F Griseofulvin is and effective antifungal with no seroius side effects. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F Dermatophytes, which live on the surface of the skin, are always pathogenic. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F Fungi that cause systemic mycoses are uniformly acquired by ingesting contaminated food. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F The seriousness of Coccidioides infection can be attributed to the formation and rupture of spherules. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F In endemic regions of the US, close to 90% of the population test + for Histoplasma capsulatum. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F Hypersensitivity of aspergillosis is due to the formation of ball-like fungal hyphae in the cavities produced by pervious tuberculosis. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F Histoplasma and Coccidioides produce filtrates on the lungs that can be seen on X-ray images. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F Very few cases of cryptococcal infections are caused by the variant Cryptococcus neoformans. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F Severe mycetismus may require a liver transplant. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F Vaccines to prevent fungal infections are widely available. |
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Definition
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Term
| Most fungi exist as _____ and function as the major decomposers of organic material. |
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Definition
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Term
| infections with ___ are more commonly acquired by person-to-person contact. |
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Definition
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Term
| diagnosis of fungi may require culturing them at different temperatures to demonstrate their ___ growth characteristics. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ dissolves keratin and cellular material in skin scrapings, leaving only the fungal cells for examinations. |
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Definition
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Term
| fungal cells can be stained black in tissue sections by using ___ stain. |
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Definition
| Gomori Methenamine silver (GMS) |
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Term
| instead of cholesterol, the walls of fungi contain ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| the "gold standard" of antifungal agents is ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The antifungal agent ____ interferes with microtubule formation and chromosome seperation. |
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Definition
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Term
| the presence of ____ in a sample from the lungs is diagnostic for coccidioidomycosis. |
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Definition
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Term
| Hisoplasma ___ is limited to Africa. |
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Definition
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Term
| The production of distinctively spiny spores is diagnostic for? |
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Definition
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Term
| Exposure to ____ species most commonly causes only allergies. |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ can be diagnosed when clusters of budding yeast and branching pseudohyphae are present along with correlated symptoms. |
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Definition
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Term
| Opportunistic infections with ____ may develop into a series of nodular, pus-filled lesions on a limb. |
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Definition
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Term
Chronic infections of Malassezia result in _____.
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Definition
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