Term
| Standard methods of sterilization are NOT effective in inactivating_______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Standard methods of sterilization ARE effective in inactivating which 5 things? |
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Definition
| viruses, bacterial cells, bacterial endospores & fungi. |
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Term
| Disinfectants are used on ______ surfaces. |
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Definition
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Term
| microbial death is an effective means of evaluating the efficacy of ______ agents |
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Definition
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Term
| microbial death can be used to evaluate the efficacy of _____? |
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Definition
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Term
| microbial death is ______ over time of exposure to an antimicrobial agent. |
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Definition
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Term
microbial death is the permanent loss of a microbe's ability to _____ and can be used to evaluate _______
agents. |
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Definition
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Term
| Give an example of sanitization (from the book) |
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Definition
| A public toilet is treated with disinfectants. |
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Term
| Aseptic means free of ______? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are are some examples of things that are bacteriostatic? |
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Definition
| desiccation, freezing below 0°C, lyophilization & refrigeration of mesophiles. |
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Term
| Antimicrobial agents that damage nucleic acids also affect ______? |
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Definition
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Term
| Seventy percent alcohol is effective against_____? |
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Definition
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Term
| An instrument that will come into contact with only the skin of a patient should be disinfected with a _____? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is lyophilization an effective means of sterilization? |
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Definition
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Term
| What of ARE effective means of sterilization? Name 4 |
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Definition
| ionizing radiation, incineration, autoclaving & dry heat |
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Term
| heating at 72°C for 15 seconds describes what type of pasteurization? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the dairy creamer used in restaurants is usually sterilized by? |
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Definition
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Term
| Boiling water for 10 minutes is effective in ridding it of______? |
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Definition
| both growing bacteria and enveloped viruses. |
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Term
| What are some features associated with filtration? |
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Definition
1.nitrocellulose or plastic membrane filters
2.sterilization of heat-sensitive materials
3.use of HEPA filters to filter air
4.ability of some filters to trap viruses and proteins |
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Term
| What is a target of pasteurization? |
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Definition
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Term
| ultraviolet light radiation is _____ and has the _____ wavelength |
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Definition
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Term
| gamma rays are used for microbial control in? |
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Definition
| fresh fruits and vegetables |
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Term
| HEPA filters and ultraviolet light can be used to disinfect _____? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some of the groups of chemical antimicrobial agents? |
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Definition
1.halogens
2.phenolics
3.alcohols
4.aldehydes
5.surfactants
6.heavy metals |
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Term
| Lysol is an example of which group of chemical antimicrobial agents? |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is the most appropriate pairing of microbe and biosafety level?
A) E. coli, BSL-3
B) anthrax, BSL-1
C) Ebola, BSL-2
D) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), BSL-2
E) tuberculosis, BSL-1 |
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Definition
| methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), BSL-2 |
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Term
| Betadine is an example of which group of antimicrobial agents? |
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Definition
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Term
| quaternary ammonium compound are a type of____? |
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Definition
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Term
| Zephiran is an example of a |
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Definition
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Term
| quaternary ammonium compounds are not effective against ______? |
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Definition
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Term
| quaternary ammonium compounds are harmless to humans except at _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| peracetic acid is a ______ ? |
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Definition
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Term
| silver nitrate was used in the past to prevent the transmission of _____ from an infected mother to her newborn. |
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Definition
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Term
| ethylene oxide is used to sterilize items that should not, or cannot, be exposed to _______ ? |
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Definition
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Term
| aldehydes denature _____? |
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Definition
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Term
| Some aldehydes can ______ after long periods of exposure. |
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Definition
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Term
| aldehydes are usually hazardous to ____? |
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Definition
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Term
| aldehydes are used in _____ solutions? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Disinfecting agents naturally produced by microorganisms |
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Term
| A chemical agent that kills pathogenic microbes in general is a |
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Definition
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Term
| What is NOT a desirable characteristic of an ideal antimicrobial agent? |
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Definition
| It only arrests growth of vegetative cells. |
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Term
| an ideal antimicrobial agent is ____ during storage. |
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Definition
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Term
| an ideal antimicrobial agent is ______? 3 thing |
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Definition
inexpensive
harmless to humans.
acts quickly. |
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Term
| The endospores of which microbes are used to measure the effectiveness of autoclave sterilization? |
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Definition
| Bacillus stearothermophilus |
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Term
| A scientist develops a new medication that is a protein compound and that must be administered by injection. What would be the most effective and safest means of preparing a sterile solution of the new medication? |
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Definition
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Term
| What procedure is currently the standard test used in the United States for evaluating the efficiency of antiseptics and disinfectants? |
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Definition
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Term
| _______ would be used to sterilize a mattress |
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Definition
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Term
| Disinfectants that damage membranes include which 2 things? |
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Definition
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Term
| ethylene oxide is the most ___ to humans. |
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Definition
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Term
| Hydrogen peroxide is a ____ agent. |
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Definition
| disinfectant and sterilizing agent |
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Term
| Filtration is a ____ agent. |
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Definition
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Term
| Incineration is a ____ agent. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Ethylene oxide is a ____ agent. |
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Definition
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Term
| Glutaraldehyde is a ____ agent. |
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Definition
| disinfectant and sterilizing agent |
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Term
| Chlorine dioxide is a ____ agent. |
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Definition
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Term
| Gamma irradiation is a ____ agent. |
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Definition
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Term
| Boiling water is a ____ agent. |
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Definition
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Term
| Can an environment contain some microbes and still be considered sterile? |
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Definition
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Term
| Some viruses are inactivated by the same chemical or physical agents that damage _______ ___________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Does UV light have the most effect on protein structure? |
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Definition
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Term
| Antimicrobial agents usually work best at ______temperatures and pH levels. |
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Definition
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Term
| Is the phenol coefficient one of the most widely used measurements of an antimicrobial agent's effectiveness? |
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Definition
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Term
| No chemical or antimicrobial agents inactivate prions-True or False? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is the decimal reduction time the time required to kill all the microbes in a given sample? |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ freezing is more damaging to microbial cells than _____ freezing. |
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Definition
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Term
| Is Hydrogen peroxide an effective antiseptic? |
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Definition
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Term
| By themselves, soaps have only ____ activity, not ______ activity. |
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Definition
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Term
| ________ is the process of freeze-drying microbes to preserve them. |
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Definition
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Term
| Natural antiseptics such as pine or clove oil are examples of antimicrobial compounds called ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| A(n) ________ is an iodine-containing organic compound found in such antiseptics as Betadine. |
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Definition
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Term
| Disinfectants known as ________ have the chemical group CHO, which reacts with and damages both proteins and nucleic acids. |
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Definition
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Term
| The lowest temperature that kills all cells in a broth in 10 minutes is known as the ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The amount of time needed to sterilize materials using moist heat is ________ (greater than/less than) the time needed to sterilize using dry heat. |
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Definition
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Term
| A(n) ________ is an instrument that sterilizes by exposing materials to steam under pressure. |
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Definition
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Term
| The containment level ________ is appropriate when handling highly contagious deadly microbes |
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Definition
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Term
| Ultraviolet light penetrates materials ________ (more effectively/less effectively) than gamma rays. |
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Definition
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Term
| ________ is a phenolic antimicrobial compound that has been incorporated into consumer items such as garbage bags and diapers. |
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Definition
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Term
| Elements such as iodine, chlorine, and bromine are examples of ________, which are the basis for many effective antimicrobial agents. |
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Definition
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Term
| The use of high levels of salt or sugar in the preservation of foods relies on the phenomenon of ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The process of heating milk or fruit juice to levels that kill any pathogenic microbes present is known as________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Sterilization procedures generally focus on inactivating or eliminating bacterial ________. |
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Definition
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