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Micro
Microbial metabolism
26
Microbiology
Undergraduate 3
05/05/2013

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Term
Anabolism
Definition
Synthesis reactions building up
Term
Catabolism
Definition
Lysis reactions breaking down.
Term
Enzymes
Definition
Proteins that facilitate chemical reactions. Reactant binds to a specific binding site on the enzyme resulting in a lowering of the reactions activation energy.
Term
Activation energy
Definition
Amount of energy required to initiate a chemical reaction.
Term
Coenzymes
Definition
Organic cofactors come from vitamins (NAD & FAD). Inorganic cofactors include Fe, Zn, Mg & Cu.
Term
Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactions
Definition
Dehydration, hydrolysis, & oxidation-reduction.
Term
Oxidation
Definition
The gaining of an oxygen atom or the loss of a hydrogen atom. Or loss of an electron.
Term
Reduction
Definition
The loss of an oxygen atom or gaining of hydrogen. Gain of an electron.
Term
Enzyme inhibitors
Definition
Chemicals that inhibit enzyme function. 2 types, competitive & non-competitive.
Term
ATP
Definition
Energy currency for all living things. Composed of adenine, ribose, & 3 phosphates. Energy is stored in the phosphate bonds & released when they are broken.
Term
Aerobic (cellular) respiration
Definition
Complete oxidation of glucose. 4 steps
Term
Glycolysis
Definition
Splitting glucose into 2 pyruvates.
2 ATP per pyruvate
2 NADH
Term
Pre-Kreb's
Definition
Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA, occurs twice.
One C & H are removed from each pyruvate
1 O2 is used per pyruvate
1 CO2 is produced per pyruvate
1 NADH is produced per pyruvate
Term
Kreb's cycle
Definition
Citric acid cycle, occurs twice. Oxidation of last 4 carbon atoms. Acetyl CoA binds w/ oxaloacetic acid to form citric acid. Citric acid progresses through a series of reactions.
2 CO2 per cycle
1 ATP per cycle
3 NADH per cycle
1 FADH2 per cycle
Term
Electron transport chain
Definition
Redox reactions. O2 is the final electron acceptor.
30 ATP from NADH and 4 from FADH2
Term
Anaerobic Respiration
Definition
Identical to aerobic except O2 is replaced w/ oxygen-containing salts.
Term
Fermentation
Definition
Incomplete oxidation of glucose. Does not require O2. Pyruvate is converted to either an acid or alcohol.
Term
Alcoholic fermentation
Definition
Results in 2 ATP, CO2, and alcohol.
Term
Acidic fermentation
Definition
Results in 2 ATP plus an acid such as lactic acid and butyric acid.
Term
Photosythesis
Definition
Carried out by phototrophs. Utilizes multiple pigments.
Term
Cholorphylls
Definition
Absorb solar energy & use it to energize. Oxygenic photosynthesis. Plants, algae, & cyanobacteria.
Term
Bacteriocholorphylls
Definition
Found in purple & green bacteria. Absorb different types of light allowing bacteria to live in different environments.
Term
Light-dependent reaction
Definition
Light reaction, 2 pathways
Term
Cyclic pathway
Definition
Used to create ATP only! Energized electron comes from chlorophyll itself.
Term
Non-cyclic pathway
Definition
Used to create ATP, NADH & O2. Excites an electron from an outside source.
Term
Light-independent reaction
Definition
Dark reaction. Uses energy from light reaction to convert CO2 to an organic molecule (usually sugar).
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