Term
|
Definition
| Cell membrane, Cytoplasm, ribosomes, chromosomes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Filament, hook, & Basal body (rod, 4 rings, and a motor). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Multiple flagella emerging from the same site. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Flagella attached at both ends of the cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Flagella dispersed randomly over the structure. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chemotaxis, runs and tumbles. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Linear movement created by counterclockwise flagellar rotation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cell stops and reverses directions or spins in place. Created by clockwise flagellar rotation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Type of flagella. AKA periplasmic flagella. Seen in spirochetes. Entire structure is located between the cell wall and membrane. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Elongated, rigid hollow structure. Found on some gram-negative bacteria. Attachtment, movement, and conjugation (exchange of genetic material). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Small bristlelike fibers. Tend to stick to each other and to surfaces. (Ex. plaque) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A sticky coating of repeating polysaccharide units, protein, or both. Slime layer & capsule. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Loose shield that protects some bacteria from water and nutrient loss. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Glycocalyx is bound more tightly to the cell and is denser and thicker. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Protects the cell, can help adhere to environment, biofilm formation, and prevents water & nutrient loss. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Most bacteria have one. Cell wall, cell membrane, and outer membrane in gram-negative bacteria. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Helps determine shape & provides structural support. Keeps cells from rupturing. Is the target of many antibiotics. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Thick sheath of peptidoglycan. Little space between cell wall and membrane. Teichoic acid binds layers of peptidoglycan. Lipoteichoic acid links peptidoglycan to the cell membrane. Less susceptible to lysis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Single, thin sheet of peptidoglycan. Wide periplasmic space. Possesses an outer membrane (LPS layer). Innermost layer-phospholipid layer anchored by lipoproteins to peptidoglycan. Outermost layer-contains lipopolysacchrides. Less permeable but more susceptible to lysis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Found within the bilayer of gram-neg cell wall. Recognized by our immune system. |
|
|
Term
| O-specific polysaccharide |
|
Definition
| Found externally on gram-negative cell wall. Used to identify certain strains of bacteria. (EX: Ecoli O157:H7) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Aka plasma membrane. Only in gram-negative. Contains phospholipids & proteins. Provides site for energy reactions, nutrient processing, & synthesis. Regulates transport & secretion. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gelatinous solution. Site for biochemical & synthetic activites. 70-80% water. Contains larger, discrete cell masses (chromatin body, plasmids, ribosomes, inclusions, & actin strands). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Single circular strand of essential DNA. Aggregated in a dense area of the cell called the nucleoid. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nonessential pieces of DNA. Found floating freely in cytoplasm or attached to chromatin body. Confer protective traits like drug resistance or toxin & enzyme production. Can be transferred from one bacterium to another. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Site of protein production in the cell. Made of rRNA & protein. Characterized by S units (prokaryotic ribosome is 70s & human is 90s). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Storage for nutrients & energy-rich organic substances. Some aquatic bacteria include gas vesicles to provide buoyancy & flotation. |
|
|
Term
| Bacteria Actin cytoskeleton |
|
Definition
| Long polymers of actin & contribute to cell shape. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dormant bodies only produced from Bacillus, Clostridium, and Sporosarcina. Some found 250+ million years old. |
|
|
Term
| Endospore Phase one: Vegetative cell |
|
Definition
| Metabolically active. Can be induced by a hostile environment to undergo spore formation. |
|
|
Term
| Endospore Phase two: Endospore |
|
Definition
| Depletion of nutrients stimulates sporulation (6-8 hrs). Vegetative cell undergoes conversion to a sporangium. The DNA of the cell is duplicated into unequal parts. The big portion engulf the small forming a forespore. Peptidoglycan coats it and is now an endospore. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Breaking of dormancy in the presence of water and a specific germination agent and cell becomes vegetative again. (1 & a half hours) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rod shape. Coccobacillus-short & plump. Vibrio-gently curved. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Curviform or spiral-shaped |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cells of a single species vary to some extent in shape & size. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Irregular clusters, grape-like. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cubical packet. 4 infront, 4 in back. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Row of cells oriented side by side (rare). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Usually singles but occasionally found in short chains. |
|
|
