Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Micro
Kaplan4f.2,3,4,5 - Virology (DNA Viruses; Naked)
26
Accounting
Pre-School
03/24/2013

Additional Accounting Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What is the genome type, structure, envelope status, and size of parvoviruses?
Definition
-*ssDNA, linear (the odd one)
-Naked
-Icosahedral
-Very small
Term
What are the medically important parvoviruses?
Definition
-B19
Term
What are the modes of transmission for B19?
Definition
-Respiratory route (resp. is reservoir)
-Fomites (on inanimate objects, ties, doorknobs, etc.)
-**Vertical transmission (can cross placenta)

-Means B19 is a *congenital infection
Term
What is the pathogenisis of B19?
Definition
-It targets erythroid progenitor cells and causes cell lysis
-Only really see anemia if the patient has sickle cell
Term
What are some other names for B19?
Definition
-Erythema infectiosum
-Slapped cheek fever
-Fifth disease (5th classified childhood rash disease)
Term
What is the disease progression? (include incubation)
Definition
-The incubation period is 7-10 days
-Get flu-like symptoms with a **raised facial rash
-Also get some arthritis if in adults (much more common in children however); more severe in adults

-Both the rash and the arthralgias are caused by immune complexes
Term
What are the symptoms in a fetus?
Definition
-Severe anemia
-Congestive heart failure
-Hydrops fetalis
-Spontaneous abortion
Term
What type of vaccine is there? How do we treat it?
Definition
-There is none
-Most of us get this as a child and it passes without treatment
Term
What is the genome type, structure, envelope status, and size of papillomaviruses?
Definition
-dsDNA, circular
-Naked
-Icosahedral
-Small
Term
What are the medically important papillomaviruses?
Definition
-**Human papilloma virus (HPV)
Term
How many serotypes of HPV are there? How do they spread?
Definition
-Lots; over 75, and each can cause a different disease

-Pretty much all use skin as a reservoir and are spread by contact (sexual or other) or by *fomites (a common theme in naked viruses, as they can survive)
Term
What is the pathogenesis of HPV? How can it lead to malignancy?
Definition
-It infects the basal layer of the skin and causes hyperkeratosis leading to the wart formation

-E6 & E7 interfere with tumor suppressors (p53 & Rb respectively)
Term
What is the proper name for genital warts?
Definition
-Condylomata acuminata
Term
What are the important serotypes to know for condylomata acuminata?
Definition
-90% are the benign *serotypes 6 & 11

-**Serotypes 16 & 18 are the preneoplastic ones
-These are the ones that have E6 & E7
-95% of cervical cancers have HPV in DNA
Term
What is the histological finding that diagnoses genital HPV?
Definition
-**Koilocytic cells in a pap smear
-There is a vacuole around an enlarged nucleus (sort of a halo around the nucleus), and they also stain differently
Term
What are two ways to treat, other than just burning/freezing it off?
Definition
-Imiquimod; induces proinflammatory cytokines
-Cidofovir; virus specific
Term
How do we prevent HPV?
Definition
-There is vaccine called *Gardasil for 6, 11, 16*, and 18* (all the the ones mentioned)
-Uses capsid proteins
Term
What are the medically important polyomaviruses? What is there shape, etc.?
Definition
-BK
-JC

-They are the same as papillomaviruses (dsDNA, circular, naked, icosahedral, small)
Term
What is the reservoir for BK and JC? How do we diagnose them? How do we treat?
Definition
-Respiratory
-We use ELISA and PCR to diagnose
-Treatment is only supportive
Term
What is the pathogenesis for BK and JC and what do they cause?
Definition
BK; latent in kidneys
-Causes renal disease in AIDS patients

JC; oligodendrocytes (causing demyelination)
-Causes *progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in AIDS patients

-Notice that these viruses only affect the *immunocompromised
Term
What is the genome type, structure, and envelope status of adenoviruses?
Definition
-dsDNA, linear
-Naked
-Icosahedral
Term
What are the medically important adenoviruses? How many serotypes does it have?
Definition
-Adenovirus lol

-It, like HPV, has a hole bunch of serotypes (49)
Term
What is the reservoir for adenovirus? How is it transmitted?
Definition
-Can be in animals and humans
-Transmission; respiratory, fecal-oral, or direct contact
Term
What is the pathogenesis for adenovirus?
Definition
-It has **penton fibers which cause hemagglutination
-The virus is lytic in permissive hosts and chronic or oncogenic in nonpermissive hosts

-In a nonpermissive host, the virus is not produced, but instead transforms the cell
Term
What are the diseases associated with adenovirus?
Definition
Acute respiratory disease (ARD) and pneumonia
-More common in spring and winter
-Common in children and young adults (esp. *military)

Pharygoconjunctivitis
-Swimming pool conjunctivitis (pink eye)
-Also get fever, sore throat, coryza, red eyes
-No pus, like in bacterial conjunctivitis

Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis
-Shipyard conjunctivitis (often from stuff in eyes)
-Highly contagious

Acute hemorrhagic cystitis
-Usually in young boys (5-15
-Presents with bloody urine (cystitis is a bladder infection)
-Have to differentiate from post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (much more severe)

Gastroenteritis
-There are a bunch of others that cause this and this is not the most common
Term
How do we diagnose, treat, and prevent adenovirus?
Definition
-Diagnose with serology and ELISA
-Supportive care

-We use a live, *unattenuated vaccine
-It is taken as a pill for military recruits
Supporting users have an ad free experience!