Term
|
Definition
| most pathogens survive poorly in air, thus, are effectively transmitted among humans only over short distances |
|
|
Term
| respiratory system normal flora |
|
Definition
| found in the upper respiratory tract |
|
|
Term
streptococcus pyogenes
antibiotic ___ |
|
Definition
group A streptococcus; GAS
normal flora but can turn into strep throat
bacitracin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| certain GAS strains carry a lysogenic bacteriophage that ___ |
|
Definition
| encodes exotoxins responsible for symptoms of toxic shock syndrome and scarlet fever |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lysogenic - latent, viral DNA in the bacterial chromosome
bacteriophage - virus that infects bacteria |
|
|
Term
| streptococcus pneumoniae is the causative agent of ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| definitive diagnosis of streptococcus strains is by ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a severe respiratory disease that typically infects children |
|
|
Term
| diptheria is caused by ___ |
|
Definition
| cornyebacterium diphtheriae |
|
|
Term
| cornyebacterium diphtheriae is spread by ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diphtheria |
|
Definition
-must be isolated from the throat
-vaccine
-antibiotics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
whooping cough
-an acute, highly infectious respiratory disease caused by bordetella pertussis |
|
|
Term
| diagnosis, prevention and treatment of bordetella pertussis |
|
Definition
-flourescent antibody staining of a nasopharyngeal swab specimen
-vaccine soon after birth
-antibiotics |
|
|
Term
| tuberculosis is caused by ___ |
|
Definition
| mycobacterium tuberculosis |
|
|
Term
| hansen's disease (leprosy) is caused by ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| all mycobacteria are ___ due to the waxy mycolic acid content of their ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tuberculosis is transmitted by ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| classified as 2 different types of infection |
|
Definition
primary (initial)
postprimary (reinfection) |
|
|
Term
| ___ immunity plays a critical role in the prevention of active disease after infection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| primary tuberculosis infection |
|
Definition
| hypersensitizes the patient to the bacteria and alters the individual's response to subsequent exposures |
|
|
Term
| postprimary tuberculosis infection |
|
Definition
| chronic tuberculosis often results in a gradual spread of tubercular lesions in the lungs |
|
|
Term
| spread of tuberculosis is prevented by |
|
Definition
| hospitalization of patients in negative-pressure rooms and use of face masks for healthcare workers |
|
|
Term
| treatment of tuberculosis is |
|
Definition
antimicrobial therapy with isoniazid
-9 month regimen |
|
|
Term
| hansen's disease (leprosy) is carried by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| direct contact and respiratory routes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an inflammation of the meninges that can be caused by viral, bacterial, fungal, or protist infections |
|
|
Term
| ___ is needed to diagnose meningitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| neisseria meningitidis is spread by __, it can grow on ___ and is diagosed with ___ |
|
Definition
bacterial meningitis
airborne, chocolate agar, florescent antibody |
|
|
Term
| meningococcal meningitis is transmitted by ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| often epidemic disease caused by a negative-strand RNA virus called paramyxovirus |
|
|
Term
| measles is transmitted by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mumps is caused by ___ and is spread by ___ |
|
Definition
paramyxovirus (like measles)
airborne |
|
|
Term
| mumps is characterized by ___ and can lead to ___ in adult men |
|
Definition
inflammation of the salivary glands
sterility |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus of the togavirus group |
|
|
Term
| chicken pox is characterized by __ and caused by __ |
|
Definition
a systemic papular rash
varicella-zoster virus, a DNA herpesvirus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chicken pox becomes a lifelong latent infection and can occasionally migrate to the skin surface |
|
|
Term
| colds are caused by ___ and are transmitted via ___ |
|
Definition
rhinovirus
airborne droplets |
|
|
Term
| most common infectious disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| symptoms of the common cold |
|
Definition
| rhinitis, nasal obstruction, watery nasal discharge, malaise |
|
|
Term
15% of colds are due to __
10% of colds are due to __ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an RNA virus of the orthomyxovirus group |
|
|
Term
influenza __ is the most important human pathogen
vaccine for this is __ |
|
Definition
A
IgA which prevents the flu from binding to the respiratory tract |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| major change in influenza virus antigen due to gene reassortment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| minor change in influenza virus antigens due to gene mutation |
|
|
