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Micro Vocab Ch5
vocabulary words from micro text ch5
57
Microbiology
Undergraduate 2
06/18/2010

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Term
Aerobe
Definition
organism requiring O2 for growth
Term
Aerobic respiration
Definition
respiration which the final elec accept in the electron transport chain is O2
Term
Alcohol fermentation
Definition
(Catabolic process)
glycolysis produces ethyl alcohol to reoxidize NADH
Term
Allosteric site
Definition
site on an enzyme at which a noncompetitive inhibitor binds
Term
Amphibolic pathway
Definition
pathway that is both anabolic and catabolic
Term
Anabolism
Definition
synthesis reactions in a living organism, building of complex mol from simple
Term
Anerobe
Definition
An organism that does not require O2 for growth
Term
Apoenzyme
Definition
protein portion of an enzyme which reequires activation by a coenzyme
Term
ATP
Definition
important intracellular source
Term
Autotroph
Definition
organism that uses CO2 as its principal carbon source
Term
Calvin-Benson Cycle
Definition
Fixation of CO2 into reduced organic cmpds used by autotrophs (see light independent reaction)
Term
Carbon fixation
Definition
synthesis of sugars by using carbons from CO2
Term
Catabolism
Definition
All decomposition reactions in a living organism (breaking down)
Term
Catalyst
Definition
substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction but is not altered itself
Term
Cellular respiration
Definition
redox reactions in a membrane that generate ATP, final acceptor is usually an inorganic molecule
Term
Chemiosmosis
Definition
mechanism that uses a proton gradient across a cytoplasmic membrane to generate atp
Term
chemoautotroph
Definition
organism that uses an inorganic chem as an energy source and CO2 as a carbon source
Term
chemoheterotroph
Definition
organism that uses organic molecules as a source of carbon and energy
Term
chemotroph
Definition
organism that uses ox-redux reactions as its primary energy source
Term
chlorophyll
Definition
photosyntheticpigment that trransfers electrons for photophosphoirylation found in plant, algae and cyanobacteria
Term
Coenzyme
Definition
nonprotein substance that is associated with and that activates an enzyme
Term
cofactor
Definition
nonprotein component of an enzyme or acts with others to synergistically enhance or cause disease
Term
competitive inhibitor
Definition
chemical that competes with the normal substrate for the active site of the enzyme
Term
cyclic photophosphorylation
Definition
movt of an electron from chlorophyll through a series of electron acceptors and back to chlorophyll, anoxygenic, purple and green bacterial
Term
denaturation
Definition
change in the molecular structure of a cprotein, usually making it nonfunctional
Term
electron transport system
Definition
series of compounds that transfer electrons from one compound to another generating ATP by oxidative phosphorylation
Term
Entner-doudoroff pathway
Definition
alternate pathway for the oxidation of glucose to pyruvic acid
Term
Enzyme
Definition
molecule that catalyzes boiochemical reactions in a living organism usually a protein
Term
feedback inhibition
Definition
inhibition of an enzyme in a prticular pathway by the accumulation of the product of the pathway...end-product inhibition
Term
ferentation
Definition
enzymatic degradation of carbohydrates in which the final electron acceptor is an organic molecule, atp is synthesized by substrate-level phosphorylation & O2 not required
Term
fermentation test
Definition
method used to determine if a bacterium or yeast ferments a specific carb, usually in a peptone broth containing the carb and a ph indicator and inverted tube to trap gas
Term
glycolysis
Definition
main pathway for the oxidation of glucose to pyruvic acid, also called embden-meyerhof pathway
Term
heterotroph
Definition
org that requires an organic carbon source also called organotroph
Term
holoenzyme
Definition
enzyme consisting of an apoenzyme and a cofactor
Term
krebs cycle
Definition
pathway that converts 2 carbon cmpd to CO2 transferring electrons to NAD1 and other carriers, also the TCA cycle or Citric cycle
Term
lactic acid fermentation
Definition
catabolic process, beginning with glycolysis, that produces lactic acid to reoxidize NADH
Term
light-dependent reactions
Definition

process by shich light energy is used to convert ADP and phosphate to ATP

(photophosphorylation)

Term
Metabolic pathway
Definition
sequence of enzymatically catalyzed reactions occurring in a cell
Term
metabolism
Definition
sum of all the chemical reactions that occur in a living cell
Term
NAD, NAD1
Definition
coenzyme that functions in the removal and transfer of H ion and electrons from the substrate molecules
Term
Noncyclic photophosphorylation
Definition
movt of an electron from chlorophyll to NAD1 plant and cyanobacterial photophosphorylation
Term
oxication
Definition
removal of electrons from a molecule
Term
oxidation-reduction
Definition
coupled reaction in which one substance is oxidized and one is reduced called the redox rx
Term
pentose phosphate pathway
Definition
metabolic pathway that can occur simultaneously with glycolysis to produce pentoses and NADH w/out ATP production also called hexose monophosphate shunt
Term
phosphorylation
Definition
production of ATP in a series of redox rx, electrons from chlorophyll initiate the reactions
Term
photosynthesis
Definition
conversion of light energy from the sun into chem energy the light-fueled synthesis of carb from CO2
Term
phototroph
Definition
organism that uses light as its primary energy source
Term
redox reaction
Definition
same as oxidation-reduction, coupled reaction in which one substance is oxidized and one is reduced
Term
reduction
Definition
addition of electrons to a molecule
Term
ribozyme
Definition
enzyme consisting of RNA that specifically acts on strands of RNA to remove introns and splice together the remaining exons
Term
photoautotroph
Definition
org that uses light as its energy source and co2 as carbon source
Term
photoheterotroph
Definition
organism that uses light as its energy source and organic carbon sourc
Term
photophosphorylation
Definition
production of ATP in a series of redox reactions, electrons from chlorophyll initiate the reactions
Term
photosynthesis
Definition
conversion of light energy from the sun into chem energy, the light-fuled synthesis of carb from co2
Term

anerobic respiration

 

Definition
respiration in which the final electron acceptor in the elec trans chain is an inorganic molecule other than mol o2
Term
light-independent reaction
Definition
process which light electrons and energy from ATP are used to reduce CO2 to sugar (Calvin Benson Cycle)**
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