Term
| conjunctiva: methods of transmission |
|
Definition
contaminated fingers
towels |
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Term
| conjunctiva: host defenses 3 |
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Definition
lacrmial gland tears flush things
lysozyme antimicrobial in tears
eyelids wipe microbes away |
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Term
| conjunctiva: microbe infection 3 |
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Definition
need good attachment
interfere with lacrimal gland secetions
cause conjunctiva or eyelid damage |
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Term
|
Definition
shedding: increased in physical activity, dressing, content of dust
direct contact |
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Term
|
Definition
FA inactivate microbes not flora
peptides made by kertinocytes
sebacous glands: salts
materials made by flora
keratin layer
shedding |
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Term
|
Definition
parasite rate of growth exceeds shedding
infect wound
travel on soil or water |
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Term
| skin: infection examples 5 |
|
Definition
superficial and dermatophyte fungi
parasites: hookworm, strongyloides, protozoa |
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Term
| respiratory: transmission 7 |
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Definition
nasal secretions
cough
sneeze
touching conjunctiva
spread in a crowd
poor ventilation in humid room
dry air conditioning impairs mucoculluary activity |
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Term
| respiratory: host defenses 3 |
|
Definition
mucous traps microbes in upper respiratory
cilia carries contaminants to throat to be swallowed
alveolar macrophages |
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Term
| respiratory: microbe invasion 4 |
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Definition
attach to mucocilliary surfaces with adhesins
inhibit ciliary activity (ciliostatic)
asbestous and dust damage macrophages causing susceptability
take advantage of opportunity: current infection, smoking, ventilator |
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|
Term
| respiratory: examples of infections 5 |
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Definition
| rhinovirus, influenza, measles, S. pyogenes, meningitis |
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Term
|
Definition
poor public health
poor hygiene
diarrhea
unclean waer |
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Term
|
Definition
peristalsis
diarrhea
vomiting
mucous
acids
bile
enzymes
IgA
IgG
normal flora
M cells deliver microbes to peyer's patches to make immune cells |
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|
Term
|
Definition
use special attachment methods
counter act mucous
counter act bile and acid: genetics
release toxins: disrrhea increases protein absorption and distribution of toxins
utilize peyer;s patch to spread
take advantage of susceptability: increased pH, reduced peristalsis
establish surface mucous for infection and pathogenicity
enter body on larger scale and gaiin access through rectum |
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Term
| how can a microbe counter act GI mucous 2 |
|
Definition
propellers to swim through to epithelium
passive transport through the layer |
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Term
| how can a microbe attach to the GI wall 4 |
|
Definition
adhere to the mucous instead
brace against peristalsis
suckers and hooks
penetrate mucous and live in deep tissue (cyst) |
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Term
| GI: microbe infection examples 2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mucosal contact
discharge
mucosal sores
reduce in condom use
less monogomy
genito-oral-anal cross over
semen |
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|
Term
| perinatal transmission: where does it infect 2, what microbes 8 |
|
Definition
conjunctiva, lungs
group B strep, E. coli. HSV, listeria, rubella, toxoplasmosa, T. pallidum, HIV |
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|
Term
|
Definition
glycogen in reproductive ages is fermented by lactobacilli, streptococci, and diptheroids and make it a pH of 5 and prevent other microbes
secretions prevent attachment |
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|
Term
| vagina: microbe invasion 3 |
|
Definition
enter of forigen objects: catheter, penis, tamopns
take advantage of injuries in sex to penetrate despite secretions
take advantage of imapired defenses: estrogen imbalance, aging |
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Term
| vagina: microbe invasion examples 3 |
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Definition
| gohorrhea, HSV2, chlamydia |
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Term
| urethra and bladder: transmission 3 |
|
Definition
| urine in food, drink, and living spaces |
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Term
| urethra and bladder: host defenses 7 |
|
Definition
lower urethra: flushing of urine, mucous layer, lysozyme
bladder: normally sterile, low pH, mucous layer, inflammatory response |
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Term
| urethra and bladder: microbe invasion 6 |
|
Definition
invade from utethral oriface
attach so urine does not flush them
parasite directed endocytosis
live in moist area beneath foreskin
intestinal bacteria travel over
introduced through catheters |
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|
Term
| urethra and bladder infection examples 3 |
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Definition
| schistosoma hematobium, leptospria, CMV |
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|
Term
| oropharynx: transmission 5 |
|
Definition
| saliva in caough, sneeze, fingers, objects, kissing |
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|
Term
| oropharynx: host defenses 6 |
|
Definition
flushing of saliva
movement of chewing, tongue, cheeks lips
IgA
lysozyme in saliva
normal flora
leukocytes in saliva |
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|
Term
| oropharynx: microbe actions 2 |
|
Definition
invade when susctible
attach to mucosa or tooth |
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Term
| give an example of parasite directed endocytosis |
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Definition
| bacterial pili attach to syndecan like proteoglycan on urethra cell and it invades the cell |
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Term
| when are defenses down in the oropharynx 4 |
|
Definition
vit c deficiency allows gum infections
resident flora decreased after antibiotics
saliva flow decreased
dehydration |
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Term
| how do microbes attach in oropharynx |
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Definition
| lipoteichoic acid on pilli attach to buccal epithelium, tongue, teeth, pharynx |
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Term
| what are the three things transmission depends on, why |
|
Definition
number of microbes shed: many die on their way to a new host. certian number needed to infect
microbe stabilty in enivornment: resist drying, thermal inactivation, chemicals. make spores, cysts, go in arthropod, food, or water to help
genetics: ability to damage and cause disease helps transmission (cough, sneeze, secretions). most effective transmission is human to human |
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Term
| milk transmission: how does it get infected |
|
Definition
milk from cow, goat, sheep infected before or after collection.
human milk rarley infected |
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Term
| blood transmission: what methods, examples 7 |
|
Definition
arthropds, needles, organ or tissue transplant, medical treatment without disposable synranges
HBV, HCV, rabies, prions, HIV, HepC, HepB |
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Term
| define verticle transmission, give examples of vectors 4 |
|
Definition
between parent and offspring
sperm, ovum, placenta, milk, blood |
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Term
| define horizontal transmission, what vectors, give examples |
|
Definition
contact with people or respiratory secretions
fecal oral: enteric bacteria, protozoa, enterovirus
vector
infected food and water: toxoplasmosa gondii, helminths (trichinella, teneia) |
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Term
| blood sucker transmission 2 |
|
Definition
insects: house flies, snad flies, mosquitoes, black flies, lice, fleas
acarids: ticks, mites |
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Term
|
Definition
bug transfers microbe on mouth parts, bodies, or within intestines
transfer is a result of feeding or defecation |
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Term
|
Definition
| bug transfers microbe due to contaminated feces or regurgitated blood deposited at feeding |
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Term
| intermediate host definition, 4 examples |
|
Definition
transmit pathogens in our food
snails: nematode
oyste: muscle
lobster: termatode
filter feeders: HepA, cholerae |
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