Term
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Definition
| substance produced by MO which kills or inhibits other MO |
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Term
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Definition
| substance which kills or inhibits MO |
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Term
| Types of anitmicrobial agents? |
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Definition
Natural (ie antibiotics)
Semisynthetic (ie chemically modified antibiotics)
Synthetic (ie man made) |
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Term
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Definition
| what agent KILLS bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| what agent INHIBITS bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
the range of MO adversely affected by drug.
some drugs have a narrow spectrum and some have a broad spectrum |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Transposons (jumping genes) |
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Definition
mobile DNA segments
may carry resistant genes and can be transferred between bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| antimicrobial effect= sum of the activity of the individual antimicrobials (ie. the drugs work together but it is not amplified) |
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Term
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Definition
effect of two drugs greater than sum
(ie sum is amplified) |
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Term
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Definition
| one drug interferes with the activity of another (ie. two drugs together are less effective than one) |
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Term
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Definition
| drugs independent of one another |
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Term
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Definition
| what is the cell wall characteristic of, thick peptidoglycan cell wall |
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Term
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Definition
| what is the cell wall characteristic of, thin peptidoglycan wall surrounded by outer membrane. many substances must be actively transported into cell |
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Term
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Definition
| synthesis of cell walls, proteins, and nucleic acids; cell metabolism; cell membrane functions |
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Term
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Definition
| Intrinsic, acquired, mechanisms, cross resistance and resistance expressions are types of ? |
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Term
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Definition
| inherent; an integral characteristic of an organism |
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Term
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Definition
| change in strains susceptibility to drug, may be do to gene mutations or transfer of resistant genes |
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Term
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Definition
| reason we do sensitivity testing |
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Term
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Definition
These are examples of:
Enzyme activation, permeability barriers, drug efflux, low affinity target sites, and bypass mechanisms |
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Term
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Definition
| a single change results in resistance to several drugs |
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Term
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Definition
| resistance constantly expressed |
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Term
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Definition
| resistance expressed when MO exposed to drug |
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Term
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Definition
| low level resistances constantly expressed. high level resistance when MO exposed to drug |
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Term
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Definition
| resistances expressed by entire population |
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Term
| heterogeneous or heteroresistance |
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Definition
| some bacteria in a given population express resistance while others dont |
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Term
| Beta lactam antimicrobials |
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Definition
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Term
| Mechanism of action of B Lactam |
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Definition
| inhibit cell wall synthesis by binding penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) which are enzymes involved in formation of peptidoglycan cross links. B lactams are usually bactericidal; autolytic enzymes stimulated |
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Term
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Definition
| enzymes that cleave the B lactam ring |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| some penicillinases may inactivate some cephalosporins; some cephalosporinases inactivate penicillins |
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Term
| extended spectrum B lactamases (ESBLs) |
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Definition
| enzymes with broad range of activity. inactive extended spectrum penicillins and broad spectrum cephalosporins |
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Term
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Definition
| intrinsic of azquired. examples: penicillin resistant pneomococci and methicillin resistance staphylococci (MRS) |
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Term
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Definition
| porins transport some B lactams in gram = |
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