Term
|
Definition
| Very small organisms that usually require a microscope to be seen. |
|
|
Term
| T/F: Most microbes are pathogenic. |
|
Definition
| False. Only a minority cause disease. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Using the nomenclature system- scientific name including genus and species. |
|
|
Term
| Who constructed the nomenclature system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 7 types of microorganisms? |
|
Definition
1) Bacteria
2) Archaea
3) Fungi
4) Protozoa
5) Algae
6) Viruses
7) Multicellular Animal Parasites |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 most common bacteria shapes? |
|
Definition
1) Bacillus
2) Coccus
3) Spiral |
|
|
Term
| What shape is a bacillus bacteria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What shape is a coccus bacteria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What shape is a spiral bacteria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the composition of bacteria? |
|
Definition
| A carbohydrate-protein complex called peptidoglycan. |
|
|
Term
| What is the main way bacteria reproduce? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When a cell divides into 2 equal cells. |
|
|
Term
| Where do bacteria get their nutrition from? |
|
Definition
| Mostly organic chemicals, but some use photosynthesis or inorganic substances. |
|
|
Term
| Do bacteria contain a nucleus? |
|
Definition
| No, they are prokaryotes. |
|
|
Term
| Do archaea contain a nucleus? |
|
Definition
| No, they are prokaryotes. |
|
|
Term
| Unlike bacteria, archaea cell walls lack ________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three main groups of archaea? |
|
Definition
1) Methanogens
2) Extreme halophiles
3) Extreme thermophiles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Archaea that produce methane as a waste product from respiration. |
|
|
Term
| What are extreme halophiles? |
|
Definition
| Archaea that live in extremely salty environments. |
|
|
Term
| What are extreme thermophiles? |
|
Definition
| Archaea that live in hot, sulfurous water. |
|
|
Term
| T/F: Archaea are not known to cause disease in humans. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: Fungi are eukaryotes (have a nucleus) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An organism whose cells have a distinct nucleus containing the cell's DNA, surrounded by an envelope called the nuclear membrane. |
|
|
Term
| T/F: All fungi are unicellular. |
|
Definition
| False; they can be unicellular or multicellular. |
|
|
Term
| How do fungi get nutrients? |
|
Definition
| By absorbing organic materials from the environment. |
|
|
Term
| What are fungi cell walls composed of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are mycelia composed of? |
|
Definition
| Long filaments called hyphae. |
|
|
Term
| T/F: Fungi are able to produce sexually or asexually. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A type of fungi that has characteristics of both fungi and amoebas. |
|
|
Term
| T/F: Protozoa are multicellular organisms. |
|
Definition
| False; they are unicellular. |
|
|
Term
| T/F: Protozoa are eukaryotic. |
|
Definition
| True; they contain a nucleus. |
|
|
Term
| How do protozoa facilitate movement? |
|
Definition
| Pseudopods, flagella, or cilia. |
|
|
Term
| How do protozoa get nutrients? |
|
Definition
| Most absorb organic compounds, but some use photosynthesis. |
|
|
Term
| T/F: Protozoa can produce sexually or asexually. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does algae get its energy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: Algae are prokaryotic. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 3 elements are needed for photosynthetic food production? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the waste products of photosynthesis? |
|
Definition
| Oxygen and carbohydrates. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are algae cell walls composed of? |
|
Definition
| Cellulose (a carbohydrate) |
|
|
Term
| What is the composition of a virus? |
|
Definition
| It is non-cellular. It contains a core made of DNA or RNA, which is surrounded by a protein coat, which in turn may be encased in a lipid membrane. |
|
|
Term
| Viruses are considered to be living organisms. |
|
Definition
| False; however, some may consider them to be living if they multiply within the host cells they infect. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Parasitic worms such as flatworms and roundworms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bacteria, archaea, eukaryotes. |
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 categories of eukaryotes? |
|
Definition
1) Protists
2) Fungi
3) Plants
4) Animals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| All living things are composed of cells. |
|
|
Term
| What was Francesco Redi known for? |
|
Definition
| The maggot jar experiment that was meant to disprove the theory of spontaneous generation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The claim that living cells can only arise from preexisting living cells. |
|
|
Term
| What are aseptic techniques? |
|
Definition
| Techniques that prevent contamination by unwanted microbes. |
|
|
Term
| Who were the two biggest microbiologists of the "Golden Age" of microbiology? |
|
Definition
| Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When yeasts convert sugar to alcohol in the absence of air. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Caused when bacteria, in the presence of air, change the alcohol to vinegar (acetic acid). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Decreases spoilage by heating just enough to kill bacteria. |
|
|
Term
| The germ theory of disease |
|
Definition
| Microorganisms cause disease in plants and animals. |
|
|
Term
| What was Joseph Lister's best known theory? |
|
Definition
| That physicians spread pathogens because they weren't using sterilizing/ disinfecting methods. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The protection from disease provided by vaccination (or recovery from the disease itself). |
|
|
Term
| What was Edward Jenner most known for? |
|
Definition
| Vaccination; he used cowpox as a vaccine for smallpox since it's much less deadly. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Treatment of disease by using chemical substances. It involves the use of toxic drugs that are so potent they kill the pathogens and stops just short of killing the patient. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chemicals produced naturally by bacteria and fungi to act against other microbes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chemotheraputic agents prepared from chemicals in the laboratory. |
|
|
Term
| Who accidentally discovered penicillin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The study of protozoa and parasitic worms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Substances generated by the body's own immune system that inhibit replication of viruses. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Studies the mechanisms by which microbes inherit traits. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Studies how genetic information is carried in molecules of DNA and how DNA directs the synthesis of proteins. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The study of the relationship between microorganisms and their environment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Using bacteria to clean up pollutants and toxins from underground wells, chemical spills, toxic waste sites, and oil spills. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Practical applications of microbiology. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inserting a missing gene or replacing a defective one in human cells. |
|
|
Term
| Normal microbiota (flora) |
|
Definition
| The microbes naturally in/on us or the environment-- not harmful. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ability to ward off disease. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A complex aggregation of microbes. |
|
|
Term
| How are biofilms dangerous in a medical sense? |
|
Definition
| They may cause infections on medical implants and catheters. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A disease in which pathogens invade a susceptible host, such as a human or animal. |
|
|
Term
| Emerging infectious diseases |
|
Definition
| A number of new diseases that have shown up in recent years, due to antimicrobial resistance, etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inflammation of the brain caused by the West Nile Virus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; caused by the HIV virus. It is spread by the transmission of body fluids. |
|
|
Term
| What did Ignaz Semmelweis advocate for? |
|
Definition
| Handwashing to prevent transmission of disease. |
|
|
Term
| What was Paul Erlich known for? |
|
Definition
| The "Magic Bullet" that could destroy a pathogen without harming the host. (Chemotherapy, eventually.) |
|
|
Term
| What are some factors affecting resistance in humans? |
|
Definition
| Skin, stomach acids, antimicrobial chemicals, etc. |
|
|
Term
| Prokaryotes (compared to eukaryotes)-- "pre-nucleus" |
|
Definition
-lack membrane-enclosed organelles
-DNA isn't membrane-enclosed (and no histone)
-Cell walls contain peptidoglycan
-Divide using binary fission |
|
|
Term
| Eukaryotes (compared to prokaryotes)-- "true nucleus" |
|
Definition
-DNA found in nucleus (has histones & nonhistones)
-Membrane-enclosed organelles
-May not have cell walls, but if they're present, they're chemically simple.
-Cell division by mitosis |
|
|
Term
| T/F: prokaryotes are unicellular. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 5 basic coccus types in bacteria? |
|
Definition
1) Diplococci
2) Streptococci
3) Tetrads
4) Sarcinae
5) Staphylococci |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cocci that remain in pairs after dividing. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cocci that remain attached in chainlike patterns after division. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cocci that divide in two planes and remain in groups of four. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cocci that divide in three plains and remain attached in cube like groups of eight. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cocci that divide in multiple planes and form grape like clusters or broad sheets. |
|
|
Term
| That are the four types of bacilli? |
|
Definition
1) Single bacilli
2) Diplobacilli
3) Streptobacilli
4) Coccobacilli |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bacilli that appear in pairs after division. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bacilli that occur in chains. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Oval bacilli that look like cocci. |
|
|
Term
| What are the three spiral bacteria shapes? |
|
Definition
1) Vibrios
2) Spirilla
3) Spirochetes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A substance that surrounds cells. It is made inside the cell and secreted to the surface. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A glycocalyx that is organized and firmly attached to the cell wall. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A glycocalyx that is unorganized and loosely attached to the cell wall. |
|
|
Term
| Extracellular polymeric substance |
|
Definition
| A glycocalyx that helps cells in a biofilm attach to the target environment and to each other. |
|
|
Term
| What is the main purpose of a capsule? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Long, filamentous appendages that propel bacteria. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Distributed over the whole cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Flagella found at one or both ends of the cell. |
|
|
Term
| What are the three types of polar flagella? |
|
Definition
1) Monotrichous
2) Lophotrichous
3) Amphitrichous |
|
|
Term
| Monotrichous polar flagella |
|
Definition
| Single flagella at one pole. |
|
|
Term
| Lophotrichous polar flagella |
|
Definition
| Tuft of flagella coming from one pole. |
|
|
Term
| Amphitrichous polar flagella |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 basic parts of a flagellum? |
|
Definition
1) Filament
2) Hook
3) Basal body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The long outermost region containing the protein "flagellin." |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Connects to the filament and consists of protein. |
|
|
Term
| Basal body of the flagellum |
|
Definition
| Anchors the flagellum to the cell wall and plasma membrane. |
|
|
Term
| How does the flagella move the cell? |
|
Definition
| By rotating from the basal body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The movement of bacterium toward/away from a particular stimulus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ability of an organism to move by itself. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chemical stimulus (propelling taxis of flagella) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Light stimulus (propelling taxis of flagella) |
|
|
Term
| Axial filaments (endoflagella) |
|
Definition
| Bundles of fibrils that arise at the ends of a cell beneath the outer sheath and spiral around the cell, allowing it to move. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hairlike appendages that are shorter, straighter, and thinner than flagella-- can be a few to hundreds. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hairlike appendages that are shorter, straighter, and thinner than flagella-- longer than fimbriae and much smaller numbers. |
|
|
Term
| What are fimbriae and pili composed of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 types of motility pili allow? |
|
Definition
1) Twitching motility
2) Gliding motility
3) Conjugation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When a pilus extends through the use of subunits and makes surface contact with another cell, and then retracts. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When pili assist in the smooth gliding movement of mycobacteria. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When pili bring bacteria together in order to transfer DNA. |
|
|
Term
| What are fimbriae and pili used for? |
|
Definition
| Attachment and the transfer of DNA. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A complex, semirigid structure responsible for the shape of the cell. |
|
|
Term
| What part of a cell do most antibiotics target? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of a bacterial cell wall? |
|
Definition
| To prevent the cell from rupturing due to water pressure. |
|
|
Term
| What are bacterial cell walls composed of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is peptidoglycan composed of? |
|
Definition
| A chain of repeating disaccharides and polypeptides. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Destruction caused by rupture of the plasma membrane and the loss of cytoplasm. |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 functions of teichoic acids? |
|
Definition
1) Bind & regulate movement of cations in/out of the cell
2) Cell growth-- prevents lysis
3) Provides antigenic specificity, which identifies the type of bacteria |
|
|
Term
| Which type of bacterial cells walls contain teichoic acids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are gram-positive cell walls composed of? |
|
Definition
| Layers of peptidoglycan and teichoic acid |
|
|
Term
| What are gram-negative cell walls composed of? |
|
Definition
| Few layers of peptidoglycan and an outermsmbrane consisting of lipopolysaccharides, lipoproteins, and phospholipids. |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the outermsmbrane in gram-negative bacteria? |
|
Definition
| To evade phagocytosis and provide a barrier against chemicals that may cause lysis. |
|
|
Term
| What dye is most commonly used in gram staining? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A digestive enzyme that may break cell walls. |
|
|
Term
| In what body fluids are lysosomes found? |
|
Definition
| Sweat, tears, mucus, saliva. |
|
|
Term
| Which type of bacterial cells are more susceptible to lysosomes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A wall-less cell of cellular contents surrounded by plasma membrane. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Irregularly shaped cells that have lost their walls and swell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A gram-negative cell that has been exposed to lysozyme and retains the cellular contents, plasma membrane, and remaining outer wall layer. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rupturing that occurs when water molecules from surrounding liquid rapidly move into the cell and enlarge it, causing it to burst. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A thin structure lying inside the cell wall and enclosing the cytoplasm of the cell. |
|
|
Term
| What are prokaryotic plasma membranes made of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are eukaryotic plasma membranes made of? |
|
Definition
| Carbohydrates and sterols (such as cholesterol). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Proteins attached to carbohydrates. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lipids attached to carbohydrates. |
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of glycoproteins and glycolipids in a prokaryotic plasma membrane? |
|
Definition
| To protect and lubricate the cell and aid in cell-to-cell interactions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The dynamic arrangement of phospholipids and proteins. |
|
|
Term
| What are peripheral proteins (of prokaryotic plasma membranes) |
|
Definition
| Proteins easily removed from the membrane by mild treatment due to their presence at the inner or outer surface of the membrane. |
|
|
Term
| What are integral proteins (of the prokaryotic plasma membrane) |
|
Definition
| Proteins that can only be removed from the membrane by disrupting the lipid layer. |
|
|
Term
| What is the most important function of the prokaryotic plasma membrane? |
|
Definition
| To serve as a selective barrier through which materials enter and exit the cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Certain ions and molecules may pass through a membrane, but others can't. |
|
|
Term
| What is the lesser function of a prokaryotic plasma membrane? |
|
Definition
| Breakdown of nutrients-- energy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Infoldings of prokaryotic plasma membrane into the cytoplasm-- store pigments and enzymes for photosynthesis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Large, irregular folds found on bacterial plasma membranes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A group of antibiotics that disrupt the plasma membrane's phospholipids and causes the intracellular contents to leak. |
|
|
Term
| Which organelle most closely resembles a prokaryotic cell? Why? |
|
Definition
| Mitochondria because is has DNA and ribosomes. |
|
|
Term
| Passive processes of movement |
|
Definition
| Substances cross the membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. |
|
|
Term
| T/F: There is NO energy expenditure for passive processes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The net (overall) movement of molecules or ions from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. |
|
|
Term
| When does simple diffusion stop? |
|
Definition
| When molecules/ions are equally distributed and equilibrium has been achieved. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Integral membrane proteins function as channels or carriers that facilitate the movement of ions or large molecules across the plasma membrane. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Break down large molecules essential for bacteria so simpler molecules may pass through the membrane. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The net movement of solvent molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Integral membrane proteins that function as water channels. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The pressure required to prevent the movement of pure water into a solution containing some solutes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A medium in which the overall concentration of solutes equals that found inside a cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Outside the cell is a medium whose concentration of solutes is lower than that inside the cell-- swells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A medium having a higher concentration of solutes than inside the cell-- shrinks. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When the cell uses energy (ATP) to move substances across the plasma membrane. |
|
|
Term
| What must be present in order for active processes to be able to occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Occurs exclusively in prokaryotes and the substance is chemically altered during transport. |
|
|
Term
| T/F: Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes are able to use phagocytosis and pinocytosis. |
|
Definition
| False-- only eukaryotes do. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The substance of the cell inside the plasma membrane. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Contains all the cell's genetic information. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A single, long, continuous, and frequently circularly arranged thread of double-stranded DNA found in the nucleoid. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecules. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The sites of protein synthesis. |
|
|
Term
| T/F: All prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells contain ribosomes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are ribosomes composed of? |
|
Definition
| Protein and ribosomal RNA. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Reserve deposits of nutrients. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Found in inclusions and stain with certain blue dyes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Found in inclusions and stain with iodine. Composed of glycogen and starch. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lipid storage material unique to bacteria. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Found in inclusions and serve as an energy reserve in some cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inclusions that contain the enzyme ribulose 1,5- diphosphate carboxylase. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hollow cavities that anchor the cell at the appropriate water level. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inclusions of iron oxide surrounded by invaginations of the plasma membrane. Formed by gram-negative bacteria. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "Resting" cells created by certain gram-positive bacteria when essential nutrients are depleted. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Endospore formation within a vegetative cell. |
|
|
Term
| Where can endospores be located? |
|
Definition
| Terminally (at one end), subterminally (near one end), or centrally inside the vegetative cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A process in which an endospore returns to its vegetative state. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A few long projections used for cellular movement. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Numerous short projections used for cellular movement. |
|
|
Term
| What is the form of cilia and flagella? |
|
Definition
| 9 microtubules in a ring, and another 2 in the center--> 9+2 array. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Long, hollow tubes made up of the protein "tubulin." |
|
|
Term
| What do algae walls consist of? |
|
Definition
| The polysaccharide "cellulose." |
|
|
Term
| What are yeast cell walls composed of? |
|
Definition
| The polysaccharides "glucan" and "mannan." |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A flexible outer membrane that most protozoa have instead of a typical cell wall. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Complex lipids associated with the ability of the membranes to resist lysis due to rising osmotic pressure. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A segment of the eukaryote's plasma membrane surrounds a particle/large molecule, encloses it, and brings it into the cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cellular projections called pseudopods engulf particles and bring them into the cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Plasma membrane folds inward, bringing extracellular fluid into the cell, along with whatever substances are dissolved in the fluid. |
|
|
Term
| Receptor-mediated endocytosis |
|
Definition
| Ligands bind to receptors in the membrane, causing it to fold inward, possibly allowing viruses to enter. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The fluid portion of cytoplasm. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Provides support and shapes; assists in transporting substances in the cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The movement of eukaryotic cytoplasm from one part of the cell to another. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Unattached to any structure in the cytoplasm. |
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of free ribosomes? |
|
Definition
| To synthesize proteins used inside the cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Attached to the nuclear membrane and endoplasmic reticulum. |
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Term
| What is the purpose of membrane-bound ribosomes? |
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Definition
| To synthesize proteins destined for insertion in the plasma membrane or for export from the cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| 10-20 ribosomes joined in a stringlike attachment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Structures with specific shapes and specialized functions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Contains most of the cell's DNA; the largest structure in the eukaryotic cell. |
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Term
| What surrounds the nucleus? |
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Definition
| The nuclear envelope (a double membrane). |
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Term
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Definition
| Tiny channels in the nuclear envelope that allow the nucleus to communicate with the cytoplasm. |
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Term
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Definition
| Spherical bodies that are made of condensed regions of chromosomes where rRNA is being synthesized. |
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Term
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Definition
| Combination of 165 base pairs and 9 molecules of histones (found inside the nucleus). |
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Term
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Definition
| A threadlike mass containing DNA and proteins when DNA isn't reproducing. |
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Term
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Definition
| Coiled chromatin, during nuclear division. |
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Term
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Definition
| An extensive network of flattened membranous sacs or tubules, called cisternae. |
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Term
| Rough endoplasmic reticulum |
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Definition
| Outer surface is covered in ribosomes; "factory for synthesizing secretory proteins and membrane molecules." It is continuous with the nuclear membrane. |
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Term
| Smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
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Definition
| Does not have ribosomes; synthesizes phospholipids, fats/steroids; extends from rough ER to form a network of membrane tubules. |
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Term
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Definition
| The first step in the transport pathway. |
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Term
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Definition
| The part of a golgi complex that fuses with the cistern and releases proteins into it. |
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Term
| What are the two ways proteins can leave the cisternae of the golgi complex? |
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Definition
| Via secretory vesicles or storage versicles. |
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Term
| What is the structure and function of a lysosome? |
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Definition
| It is a structure with a single membrane and no internal structure. They contain enzymes that break down bacteria and molecules. |
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Term
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Definition
| The membrane that encloses vacuoles. |
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Term
| What is the purpose of a vacuole? |
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Definition
| May be used for temporary storage or to bring food/water into the cell. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Folds found in the inner membrane of a mitochondria. |
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Term
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Definition
| A membrane-enclosed structure containing chlorophyll and the enzymes required for photosynthesis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Flattened membrane sacs containing chlorophyll. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Contain enzymes able to oxidize various organic substances. |
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Term
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Definition
| An enzyme made by peroxisomes that decomposes hydrogen peroxide. |
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Term
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Definition
| A region of cytosol composed of a dense network of small protein fibers that makes up the centrosome. |
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Term
| What is the purpose of a centrosome? |
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Definition
| It is the organizing center for the mitotic spindle--> cell division. |
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Term
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Definition
| The theory explaining the origin of eukaryotes from prokaryotes, as stated by Lynn Margulis. |
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