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| cells that make up the nervous system |
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| thicker part of a neuron that transmits signals |
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| thinner part of a neuron that receives signals |
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| the place where the axon terminal of one neuron meets the dendrite of a second neuron; a place where neurotransmitters are released |
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| 3 protective layers around the brain and spinal cord |
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| infection of the meninges |
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| protective cushion for the brain and spinal cord; subarachnoid space |
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| smallest glial cells that act as representatives of the immune system and phagocytize CNS debris |
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| inflammation of the brain |
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| nerves are hyperirritable resulting in spasms that cause exaggerated muscle contraction and jerky movements |
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| weakness or loss of muscle tone resulting from injury or disease of the nerves innervating the muscles |
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| cilia in the bronchi that propel particles up and out of the respiratory tract |
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| inflammation of the throat |
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| a spike that binds to cells of the respiratory tract. it is a molecule that causes red blood cells to clump or agglutinate |
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| an influenza spike that breaks down mucous and facilitates host cell invasion and release from host cells |
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| paralyzes cell so cilia can't move and then directly kills the ciliated cell |
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| LPS, which over-stimulates the immune system. A bacterial toxin that is not ordinarily released (as is exotoxin). it is composed of a complex that is an integral part of gram-negative bacterial cell walls. they can cause severe shock or fever. |
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| inflammation of the salivary glands. common with mumps. |
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| acute diarrhea is having 3 or more stools in a 24 hour period. as many as 3 million children die each year from this disease. about 1/3 of all cases in US are due to contaminated food and the rest are due to improper hygiene. some causes of diarrhea include: salmonella enterica, shigella, e. coli and vibrio cholerae |
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| diarrheal illness in which stools contain blood and/or mucous |
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| a bacterial toxin that specifically targets intestinal mucous membrane cells. typical sources: e. coli and staphylococcus |
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| released by vibrio cholerae, and causes fluid to exit cells and be released into the intestines causing severe dehydration |
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| symptoms in the intestines, which may include vomiting, induced by preformed exotoxin from bacteria |
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| inflammation and necrosis of the liver, often the result of a viral infection |
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| the yellowish pigmentation of skin, mucous membranes, sclera, deeper tissues, and excretions due to abnormal deposition of bile pigments. jaundice is associated with liver infection, as with hepatitis B virus |
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| the group of RNA viruses (including HIV) that have the mechanisms for converting their genome into a double strand of DNA that can be inserted on a host's chromosome |
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