Term
| 1. _____ are a group of worms, some of which are parasitic to humans. |
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Definition
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Term
| 2. 3 groups of helminths. |
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Definition
| CESTODES, TREMATODES, NEMATODES |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| 6. It is estimate that _____% of the world’s population is infected with a parasitic helminth. |
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Definition
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Term
| 7. Helminths that infect humans are able to live in _____ and _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 8. 4 ways helminths can infect humans. |
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Definition
| 1) INGESTION OF LARVA IN RAW OR UNDERCOOKED PORK, BEEF, OR FISH, 2) INGESTION OF HELMINTH EGGS IN FECES, 3) INSECT BITES, 4) DIRECT SKIN PENETRATION |
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Term
| 9. 6 human pathologies with infection of helminths. |
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Definition
| 1) IMMUNE RESPONSES, 2) TISSUE DAMAGE, 3) OBSTUCTION OF THE GUT, 4) OBSTRUCTION OF LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE, 5) DEPLETION OF NUTRIENTS, 6) ANAMEIA |
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Term
| 10. Immune responses to adult, larval or egg stags of the life cycle can be seen in _____ infections. |
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Definition
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Term
| 11. Each individual segment of a tapeworm is a _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 12. If proglottids are present in stool, it indicates a _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 13. High densities of adult parasites feeding on host tissues causing tissue damage can be seen in _____ infections. |
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Definition
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Term
| 14. Obstruction of the gut can be seen in _____ infections. |
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Definition
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Term
| 15. Obstruction of lymphatic drainage can be seen in _____ infections. |
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Definition
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Term
| 16. _____ infection leads to pernicious anemia due to the parasite feeding on vitamin B12. |
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Definition
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Term
| 17. Parasites that feed on blood causing anemia can be seen in infections with _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 18. _____ are ribbon-like segmented worms hat are primarily intestinal parasites. |
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Definition
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Term
| 19. Cestodes lack a _____, and thus do not ingest particulate matter, however they absorb soluble nutrients directly through their _____. |
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Definition
| DIGESTIVE SYSTEM, CUTICLE |
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Term
| 20. Cestodes cause clinical injury by sequestering the _____, excreting _____, _____ and by causing _____. |
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Definition
| HOST’S NUTRIENTS, TOXIC WASTE, MASSIVE INFESTATION, MECHANICAL BLOCKAGE OF THE INTESTINE |
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Term
| 21. The largest tapeworm in the body is a _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 22. _____ is a common disease in the world that can be found in dog fecal matter |
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Definition
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Term
| 23. _____ is the smallest of all tapeworms found in humans, and is appropriately described as the dwarf tapeworm. |
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Definition
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Term
| 24. Symptoms of hymenolepis nana are _____, _____ and _____. |
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Definition
| ANOREXIA, ABDOMINAL PAIN AND DIARRHEA |
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Term
| 25. _____ is an infection by a parasite called Taenia solium, a pork tapeworm, that creates cysts in different areas of the body. |
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Definition
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Term
| 26. The cysts formed by Taenia solium in the skeletal muscle, heart, eye, brain, and spinal cord are called _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 27. There are approximately _____ new cases of cysticerci per year in the USA. |
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Definition
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Term
| 28. _____ is a fish tape worm especially prevalent in countries bordering the Baltic Sea. |
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Definition
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Term
| 29. Diphyllobothrium latum is found in populations that are known to eat _____. |
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Definition
| UNCOOKED OR PARTIALLY COOKED FISH |
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Term
| 30. The fish tape worm causes _____ because it absorbs vitamin B12, which is necessary for red blood cells to mature. |
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Definition
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Term
| 31. _____ is a disease caused by the larval stage of the dog tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. |
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Definition
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Term
| 32. Hydatid disease causes uniocular cysts of E. granulosus to form in the _____ of humans, inside which develop thousands of larvae causing unilocular hydatid disease. |
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Definition
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Term
| 33. Hysatid cysts cause _____ due to enlargement of the liver. |
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Definition
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Term
| 34. Prevention of Taenia solium includes _____ and _____. |
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Definition
| COOKING PORK ADEQUATELY, DISPOSING OF WASTE SO PIGS CAN NOT INGEST HUMAN FECES |
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Term
| 35. Prevention of cysticerosis consist of treatment of patient to prevent _____ and observation of _____. |
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Definition
| AUTOINFECTON, PROPER HYGIENE |
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Term
| 36. Prevention of hydatid cysts consists of _____. |
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Definition
| NOT FEEDING ENTRAILS OF SLAUGHTERED SHEEP TO DOGS |
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Term
| 37. _____ is beef tapeworm. |
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Definition
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Term
| 38. _____, commonly called flukes are small, flat leaf-like worms that infects various organs of the human host. |
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Definition
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Term
| 39. Trematodes can infect _____, _____, _____ or _____. |
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Definition
| INTESTNAL VEINS, URINARY BLADDER, LIVER OR LUNG |
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Term
| 40. Trematodes that cause human disease are not _____ in the USA. |
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Definition
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Term
| 41. All parasitic trematodes use _____ as an intermediate host. |
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Definition
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Term
| 42. Trematodes infect people from tropical areas such as _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 43. _____ is a trematode that increases ones chance of urinary bladder cancer. |
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Definition
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Term
| 44. In Asia, Schistisoma haematobain causes _____ bladder cancer, while in US it causes _____ bladder cancer. |
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Definition
| SQUAMOUS CELL, TRANSITIONAL |
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Term
| 45. The 3 schistsomes most frequently associated with human disease are _____, _____ and _____. |
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Definition
| SHISTOSOMES MANSONI, JAPONICAM, HAEMATOBIUM |
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Term
| 46. Schistosomes collectively produce the disease called _____, which is also known as _____ or _____. |
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Definition
| SCHISTOOMIASIS, BILHARZIASIS, SNAIL FEVER |
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Term
| 47. The infective forms of schistomes are skin penetrating _____, liberated from snails. |
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Definition
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Term
| 48. There are approximately _____ million shistosomiasis infections world wide. |
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Definition
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Term
| 49. _____ is the Chinese liver fluke found in china, japan, korea, and Vietnam. |
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Definition
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Term
| 50. Clonorchis sinesis is one of the most frequent infections among Asian refugees, and it can be traced to the consumption of raw, pickled smoke or dried fresh water fish that harbor viable _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 51. Clonorchis sinesis may survive in the biliary tract for as long as _____ years. |
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Definition
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Term
| 52. _____ is commonly called the lung fluke that occurs in many countries in asia, india and latin america. |
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Definition
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Term
| 53. Paragonimus westermani prevalence is directly related to the consumption of _____. |
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Definition
| UNDERCOOKED FRESHWATER CRABS AND CRAY FISH |
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Term
| 54. It is approximated that _____ million people are infected with lung flukes. |
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Definition
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Term
| 55. 3 ways to prevent schistosomiasis. |
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Definition
| 1) DISPOSAL OF HUMAN WASTE, 2) ERADICATION OF SNAIL HOST WHEN POSSIBLE, 3) AVOID SWIMMING IN AREAS OF ENDEMIC INFECTION |
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Term
| 56. Prevention of liver flukes includes _____, and _____. |
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Definition
| ADEQUATE COOKING OF FISH, PROPER DISPOSAL OF HUMAN WASTE |
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Term
| 57. Prevention of lung flukes involves _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 58. _____ are round worms with a cylindrical body and a complete digestive tract, including a mouth and an anus. |
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Definition
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Term
| 59. The most common helminths recognized in the USA are primarily _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 60. The body of a nematode is covered with a non-cellular, highly resistant coating called a _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 61. 2 differences between female and male nematodes. |
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Definition
| FEMALES ARE LARGER, AND MALES HAVE A COILED TAIL |
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Term
| 62. The most common nematode infection in the USA is _____, which causes anal itching. |
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Definition
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Term
| 64. Diagnoses of pinworm infection is through these 2 tests. |
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Definition
| 1) ADULT WORMS CAN SOMETIMES BE SEEN DIRECTLY AROUND THE ANUS AT NIGHT, 2) A TAPE TEST IN THE MORNING |
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Term
| 65. The transmission of pinworm is through _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 66. _____ is often referred to as the largest intracellular parasite. |
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Definition
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Term
| 67. _____ is a roundworm infection usually contracted by eating raw or undercooked meat, most frequently pork. |
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Definition
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Term
| 68. _____ causes trichinosis. |
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Definition
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Term
| 69. Trichinella spiralis can be found in these 5 animals. |
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Definition
| PORK, BEAR, FOX, RAT, HORSE, LION |
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Term
| 70. In trichinosis, it is the movement of the _____ through the body from the intestines and their _____ in muscle tissue that create serious problems. |
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Definition
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Term
| 71. Early symptoms of trichinella spiralis, between 1-2 weeks, presents with _____ and _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 72. Midterm symptoms of trichinella spiralis, between 2-6 weeks presents with _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 73. Long term (months) symptoms of trichinella spiralis symptoms are usually _____, despite the presence of trichinella cysts. |
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Definition
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Term
| 74. 3 ways to diagnose tricinella. |
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Definition
| 1) CLINICAL PICTURE WITH LAB SUPPORT OF EOSINOPHILIA, 2) MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF MUSCLE BIOPSY, 3) SEROLOGY |
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Term
| 75. _____ is the most serious tissue nematode. |
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Definition
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Term
| 76. Visceral larva migrans are caused primarily by the larva of the dog ascarid _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 77. _____ is a tissue nematode caused mainly by the larva of the dog and cat hookworm Ancylostoma caninum. |
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Definition
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Term
| 78. Hookworms that can penetrate the skin, but not travel throughout the body produce _____ in subcutaneous tissue. |
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Definition
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Term
| 79. _____ is a visceral larva migrans that affects young children who ingest soil containing the eggs. |
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Definition
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Term
| 80. _____ is the major cause of visceral larva migrans. |
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Definition
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Term
| 81. Toxocara canis is a common parasite of _____ in the USA. |
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Definition
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Term
| 82. The most serous finding associated with toxocara canis is _____ due to retinal involvement. |
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Definition
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Term
| 83. What is the prevention of toxocara canis. |
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Definition
| DOGS SHOULD BE DEWORMED AND CHILDREN SHOULD BE PREVENTED FROM EATING SOIL |
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Term
| 84. _____, _____ and _____ are 3 tissue nematodes called filarial worms, because they produce motile embryos called microflaria in blood and tissue fluids. |
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Definition
| WUCHERERIA, ONCHOCERCA, LOA |
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Term
| 85. Filarial worms are transmitted from person to person by _____ or _____. |
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Definition
| BLOOD SUCKING MISQUITOS OR FLIES |
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Term
| 86. _____ causes filariasis. |
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Definition
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Term
| 87. Filarias usually occurs in the _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 88. How many people are infected by filarial worldwide? |
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Definition
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Term
| 89. _____ occurs in people who have been infected with filarial for long periods of time. |
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Definition
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Term
| 90. The filarial parasite settles down in _____ and cause inflammation and edema by blocking the channels. |
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Definition
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Term
| 91. Is there a drug therapy for adult filarial worms? |
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Definition
| NO THERE IS NO CURE FOR ADULT FILARIAL WORMS (NO CURE ONCE ELEPHANTIASIS HAS DEVELOPED) |
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Term
| 92. _____ causes onchocerciasis. |
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Definition
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Term
| 93. Onchoverciasis affects millions of people in _____ and _____. |
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Definition
| AFRICA AND CENTRAL AMERICA |
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Term
| 94. Onchocerciasis is a major cause of _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 95. _____ is the vector of onchoceriasis. |
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Definition
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Term
| 96. _____ is a the guinea worm tissue nematode whose larvae are ingested in drinking water. |
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Definition
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Term
| 97. _____ causes dracunculiasis (guinea fire worm), which presents with inflammation, blistering, and ulceration of the skin in the lower extremities. |
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Definition
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Term
| 98. Dracunculus medinensis means _____. |
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Definition
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