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| 1. _____ are a diverse group of saprophytic and parasitic eukaryotic organisms. |
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| 2. Fungi are members of the kingdom _____. |
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| 3. There are 100,000 fungal species, only about _____ have pathogenic potential for humans. |
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| 4. Human fungal diseases are classified by _____. |
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| THE LOCATION ON OR IN THE BODY WHERE THE INFECTION OCCURS |
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| 5. _____ are fungi limited to the outermost layers of skin and hair. |
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| 6. _____ is a common superficial fungal infection that is seen world wide. |
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| 7. Pityriasis (tinea) versicolor is a superficial fungal infection caused by _____. |
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| 8. Malassezia fufur tends to interfere with _____. |
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| 9. Fungal infections that infect only the epidermis are called _____. |
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| 10. Fungal infections that penetrate beneath the skin are called _____. |
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| 11. _____ is when a fungal infection is deep within the body or disseminated to internal organs. |
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| 12. _____ are systemic mycoses that are capable of infecting healthy individuals. |
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| 13. _____ are systemic mycoses that infect individuals that he predisposing conditions such as immunodeficiency or debilitating diseases |
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| 14. _____ are a classification of fungi that grow as multinucleate branching hyphae that form a mycelium. |
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| 15. _____ are a classification of fungi that grow as ovoid or spherical single cells that multiply by budding and division. |
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| 16. Fungi can be distinguished from other infectious organisms such as bacteria or viruses because they are _____. |
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| 17. The fungal cell wall consists primarily of _____. |
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| 18. Are fungi sensitive to antibiotics? |
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| 19. All fungi are _____ in that they require some preformed organic carbon source for growth. |
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| 20. The natural habitat of almost all fungi is soil or water containing _____. |
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| 21. Most fungi exist in one of 2 basic morphologic forms. They are either a _____ or a _____. |
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Definition
| FILAMENTOUS MOLD, UNICELLULAR YEAST |
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| 22. Some fungi are _____ and can switch between the two morphologic forms in response to environmental conditions. |
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| 23. _____ is the principal means by which fungi reproduce and spread through the environment. |
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| 24. Fungal spores can be generated either _____ or _____. |
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| 25. 4 ways to id fungal diseases in the lab. |
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| 1) DIRECT MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION, 2) CULTURE ORGANISMS, 3) DNA PROBE TEST, 4) SEROLOGIC TESTS |
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| 26. Fungi can be cultured in _____ to be identified in the laboratory. |
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| 27. Cutaneous mycoses is also called _____. |
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| 28. 3 genera of dermatophytes. |
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| 1) EPIDERMOPHYTON, 2) TRICHOPHYTON, 3) MICROSPORUM |
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| 29. Microsporum is a dermatophyte, but it does not infect _____. |
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| 30. Epidermophyton is a dermatophyte, but it does not infect _____. |
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| 31. _____ causes athlete’s foot. |
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| 32. _____ is another name of athletes foot. |
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| 33. Skin fissures caused by trichophyton rubrum can lead to secondary _____. |
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| 34. _____ causes ring worm. lesions appear as advancing anular rings with a scaly center. lesions can affect anywhere on the body, but they most often occur in non hairy regions of the trunk. |
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| 35. _____ causes scalp ringworm and extensive hair loss. |
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| 36. _____ is a dermatophyte that causes diseases similar to ringworm, except the lesions appear in the moist groin area, as well as the upper thigh and genitalia. |
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| 37. _____ is a dermatophyte that causes the nails to thicken, become discolored, and become brittle. |
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| 38. _____ is an invention by Robert R. Wood that is used for the detection of fungal infections of hair. |
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| 39. Treatment of dermatophytoses includes the removal of _____, followed by tropical application of anti-fungals such as _____ or _____. |
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Definition
| INFECTED SKIN, MICONAZOLE, CLOTRIMAZOLE |
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| 40. Infections of the _____ and _____ usually require systemic long term therapy. |
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| 41. The organisms which cause subcutaneous mycoses reside in the _____ and in _____. |
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Definition
| SOIL, DECAYING OR LIVE VEGITATION |
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| 42. Subcutaneous mycoses are almost always acquired through _____ or _____. |
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Definition
| TRAUMATIC LACERATIONS, PUNCTURE WOUNDS |
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| 43. _____ infections are common in individuals who have frequent contact with soil and vegetation, and who wear little protective clothing. |
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| 44. Are subcutaneous mycoses usually transmitted from human to human? |
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| 45. _____ is a subcutaneous mycoses often acquired from the prick of a thorn. |
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| 46. The causative agent of sporotrichosis is _____, which is a dimorphic fungus. |
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| 47. _____ is an infection characterized by a granulomatous ulcer at the puncture site. |
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| 48. _____ is a subcutaneous mycoses introduced into skin that has had recent trauma. |
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| 49. _____ causes chromomycosis. |
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| 50. Chromomycosis occurs mainly in the tropics, and is found on _____ and _____. |
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| 51. _____ is a subcutaneous mycoses that appears as a localized abscess usually on the feet. The lesion discharges pus, serum, and blood through sinuses. |
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| 52. Myecetoma is caused by the fungus _____. |
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| 53. The treatment of myecetoma is through _____. |
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| 54. _____ is a dimorphic fungus that exists as a mold in the soil and as a spherule in tissue that causes coccidiodomycosis. |
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| 55. Coccidiodomycosis is transmitted by _____, and it leads to primary infection that is asymptomatic in 60% of individuals. |
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Definition
| INHALATION OF ARTHROCONIDIA |
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| 56. 40% of individuals who have coccidiodomycosis develop self-limited influenza like illness with fever, malaise, cough, and headache referred to as _____. |
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| 57. Less than 1% of people infected with coccidiodes immitis develop _____. |
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Definition
| DISSEMINATED COCCIDIODOMYCOCIS |
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| 58. Coccidiodes immitis is an endemic in arid regions of _____ and _____. |
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Definition
| SOUTHWESTERN US AND LATIN AMERICA |
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| 59. 4 steps in the transmission of coccidodes immitis. |
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| 1) IN SOIL THE FUNGUS GENERATES SPORES, 2) THE SPORES BECOME AIRBORNE AND ENTER THE LUNG, 3) IN THE LUNG THE SPORES GERMINATE AND DEVELOP INTO LARGE SPHERULES FILLED WITH MANY ENDOSPORES, 4) RUPTURE OF THE SPHERULE RELEASE THE ENDOSPORES, EACH OF WHICH CAN FORM A NEW ENDOSPORE |
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| 60. _____ is the fungi that causes histoplasmosis pulmonary infections. |
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| 61. _____ is an endemic in central and eastern states. It grows in soil heavily contaminated with bird droppings, especially from starlings. |
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| 62. _____ is a common infection in south central and south eastern US. It occurs in the respiratory tract and causes Grain Farmer’s disease. |
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| 63. _____ is the fungus that causes blastomyces. |
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| 64. _____ is the most common opportunistic fungus. |
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| 65. _____ is a fungus that can infect individuals who have AIDS or meningitis. |
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| 66. _____ is a opportunistic fungi that can infect asthma patients. |
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| 67. _____ is an opportunistic fungi that used to be the number 1 cause of AIDS related deaths. |
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| 68. 3 diseases caused by candida albicans. |
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Definition
| 1) THRUSH, 2) VAGINITIS, 3) CHRONIC MUCOCUTANEOUS CANDIDIASIS |
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| 69. _____ is a candida infection that presents as raised white plaques on the oral mucosa, tongue, or gums. |
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| 70. Most HIV positive individuals eventually develop _____, which spreads to the esophagus which indicates full blown AIDS. |
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Definition
| ORAL CANDIDIASIS (THRUSH) |
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| 71. _____ presents as itching and burning pain of the vulva and vagina, accompanied by a thick or thin white discharge. |
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Definition
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| 72. How is one infected with candidiasis. |
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Definition
| IT IS A MEMBER OF NORMAL FLORA THE SKIN AND MUCUS MEMBRANES, AND WHEN ONE IS IMMUNOCOMPROMISED IT CAN INFECT THEM |
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| 73. _____ is the opportunistic fungi that causes cryptococcosis and cryptococcal meningitis. |
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| 74. _____ is the most common life threatening fungal diseases in AIDS patients. |
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Definition
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| 75. The most common form of cryptococcosis is a mild, subclinical _____. |
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Definition
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| 76. In immunocompromised patients cryptococosis infections often diseeminate to the _____ and _____ with fatal consequences. |
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| 77. Cryptococcosis is abundant in soil containing _____, and humans are infected from inhaling the organism. |
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Definition
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| 78. Is there human to human transmission of cryptococcosis? |
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Definition
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| 79. _____ is an opportunistic fungi that causes infections of the skin, eyes, ears, and fungus balls in the lungs. |
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Definition
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| 80. In immunocompromised people, aspergillus can invade the lungs and other organs producing _____ and _____. |
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Definition
| HEMOPTYSIS AND GRANULOMAS |
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| 81. Aspergilla are well known for their ability to grow in cavities within the lungs and produce _____. |
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Definition
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| 82. Aspergillosis is transmitted through the _____method. |
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Definition
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| 83. _____ is currently one of the most common opportunistic diseases of HIV patients, and is almost 100% fatal if untreated. It causes pneumocystitis carnii pneumonia (PCP). |
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Definition
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| 84. The development of PCP is thought to be by activation of _____. |
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Definition
| PREEXISTING DORMANT CELLS IN THE LUNGS |
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