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Micro Test 4
Steve Fungi
84
Health Care
Professional
12/07/2011

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Term
1. _____ are a diverse group of saprophytic and parasitic eukaryotic organisms.
Definition
FUNGI
Term
2. Fungi are members of the kingdom _____.
Definition
MYCOTA
Term
3. There are 100,000 fungal species, only about _____ have pathogenic potential for humans.
Definition
100
Term
4. Human fungal diseases are classified by _____.
Definition
THE LOCATION ON OR IN THE BODY WHERE THE INFECTION OCCURS
Term
5. _____ are fungi limited to the outermost layers of skin and hair.
Definition
SUPERFICIAL MYCOSIS
Term
6. _____ is a common superficial fungal infection that is seen world wide.
Definition
PITYRASIS VERSICOLOR
Term
7. Pityriasis (tinea) versicolor is a superficial fungal infection caused by _____.
Definition
YEAST (MALASSEZIA FUFUR)
Term
8. Malassezia fufur tends to interfere with _____.
Definition
MELANIN PRODUCTION
Term
9. Fungal infections that infect only the epidermis are called _____.
Definition
CUTANEOUS
Term
10. Fungal infections that penetrate beneath the skin are called _____.
Definition
SUBCUTANEOUS
Term
11. _____ is when a fungal infection is deep within the body or disseminated to internal organs.
Definition
SYSTEMIC
Term
12. _____ are systemic mycoses that are capable of infecting healthy individuals.
Definition
PATHOGENIC FUNGI
Term
13. _____ are systemic mycoses that infect individuals that he predisposing conditions such as immunodeficiency or debilitating diseases
Definition
OPPORTUNISTIC FUNGI
Term
14. _____ are a classification of fungi that grow as multinucleate branching hyphae that form a mycelium.
Definition
FILAMENTOUS
Term
15. _____ are a classification of fungi that grow as ovoid or spherical single cells that multiply by budding and division.
Definition
YEASTS
Term
16. Fungi can be distinguished from other infectious organisms such as bacteria or viruses because they are _____.
Definition
EUKARYOTIC
Term
17. The fungal cell wall consists primarily of _____.
Definition
CHITIN
Term
18. Are fungi sensitive to antibiotics?
Definition
NO
Term
19. All fungi are _____ in that they require some preformed organic carbon source for growth.
Definition
HETEROTROPHS
Term
20. The natural habitat of almost all fungi is soil or water containing _____.
Definition
DECAYING ORGANIC MATTER
Term
21. Most fungi exist in one of 2 basic morphologic forms. They are either a _____ or a _____.
Definition
FILAMENTOUS MOLD, UNICELLULAR YEAST
Term
22. Some fungi are _____ and can switch between the two morphologic forms in response to environmental conditions.
Definition
DIMORPHIC
Term
23. _____ is the principal means by which fungi reproduce and spread through the environment.
Definition
SPORULATION
Term
24. Fungal spores can be generated either _____ or _____.
Definition
ASEXUALLY OR SEXUALLY
Term
25. 4 ways to id fungal diseases in the lab.
Definition
1) DIRECT MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION, 2) CULTURE ORGANISMS, 3) DNA PROBE TEST, 4) SEROLOGIC TESTS
Term
26. Fungi can be cultured in _____ to be identified in the laboratory.
Definition
SABOURADUD’S AGAR
Term
27. Cutaneous mycoses is also called _____.
Definition
DERMATOPHYTOSES
Term
28. 3 genera of dermatophytes.
Definition
1) EPIDERMOPHYTON, 2) TRICHOPHYTON, 3) MICROSPORUM
Term
29. Microsporum is a dermatophyte, but it does not infect _____.
Definition
NAILS
Term
30. Epidermophyton is a dermatophyte, but it does not infect _____.
Definition
HAIR
Term
31. _____ causes athlete’s foot.
Definition
TRICHOPHYTON RUBRUM
Term
32. _____ is another name of athletes foot.
Definition
TINEA PEDIS
Term
33. Skin fissures caused by trichophyton rubrum can lead to secondary _____.
Definition
BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
Term
34. _____ causes ring worm. lesions appear as advancing anular rings with a scaly center. lesions can affect anywhere on the body, but they most often occur in non hairy regions of the trunk.
Definition
TINEA COPORIS
Term
35. _____ causes scalp ringworm and extensive hair loss.
Definition
TINEA CAPITIS
Term
36. _____ is a dermatophyte that causes diseases similar to ringworm, except the lesions appear in the moist groin area, as well as the upper thigh and genitalia.
Definition
TINEA CRURIS
Term
37. _____ is a dermatophyte that causes the nails to thicken, become discolored, and become brittle.
Definition
TINEA UGUIUM
Term
38. _____ is an invention by Robert R. Wood that is used for the detection of fungal infections of hair.
Definition
WOOD LAMP
Term
39. Treatment of dermatophytoses includes the removal of _____, followed by tropical application of anti-fungals such as _____ or _____.
Definition
INFECTED SKIN, MICONAZOLE, CLOTRIMAZOLE
Term
40. Infections of the _____ and _____ usually require systemic long term therapy.
Definition
HAIR AND NAILS
Term
41. The organisms which cause subcutaneous mycoses reside in the _____ and in _____.
Definition
SOIL, DECAYING OR LIVE VEGITATION
Term
42. Subcutaneous mycoses are almost always acquired through _____ or _____.
Definition
TRAUMATIC LACERATIONS, PUNCTURE WOUNDS
Term
43. _____ infections are common in individuals who have frequent contact with soil and vegetation, and who wear little protective clothing.
Definition
SUBCUTANOUS MYCOSES
Term
44. Are subcutaneous mycoses usually transmitted from human to human?
Definition
NO
Term
45. _____ is a subcutaneous mycoses often acquired from the prick of a thorn.
Definition
SPOROTRICHOSIS
Term
46. The causative agent of sporotrichosis is _____, which is a dimorphic fungus.
Definition
SPOROTHRIX SCHENCKII
Term
47. _____ is an infection characterized by a granulomatous ulcer at the puncture site.
Definition
SPOROTRICHOSIS
Term
48. _____ is a subcutaneous mycoses introduced into skin that has had recent trauma.
Definition
CHROMOMYCOSIS
Term
49. _____ causes chromomycosis.
Definition
CLADOSPORIUM CARIONII
Term
50. Chromomycosis occurs mainly in the tropics, and is found on _____ and _____.
Definition
BARE FEET AND LEGS
Term
51. _____ is a subcutaneous mycoses that appears as a localized abscess usually on the feet. The lesion discharges pus, serum, and blood through sinuses.
Definition
MYECETOMA
Term
52. Myecetoma is caused by the fungus _____.
Definition
MADURELLA GRISEA
Term
53. The treatment of myecetoma is through _____.
Definition
SURGICAL EXCISION
Term
54. _____ is a dimorphic fungus that exists as a mold in the soil and as a spherule in tissue that causes coccidiodomycosis.
Definition
COCCIDIODES IMMITIS
Term
55. Coccidiodomycosis is transmitted by _____, and it leads to primary infection that is asymptomatic in 60% of individuals.
Definition
INHALATION OF ARTHROCONIDIA
Term
56. 40% of individuals who have coccidiodomycosis develop self-limited influenza like illness with fever, malaise, cough, and headache referred to as _____.
Definition
VALLEY FEVER
Term
57. Less than 1% of people infected with coccidiodes immitis develop _____.
Definition
DISSEMINATED COCCIDIODOMYCOCIS
Term
58. Coccidiodes immitis is an endemic in arid regions of _____ and _____.
Definition
SOUTHWESTERN US AND LATIN AMERICA
Term
59. 4 steps in the transmission of coccidodes immitis.
Definition
1) IN SOIL THE FUNGUS GENERATES SPORES, 2) THE SPORES BECOME AIRBORNE AND ENTER THE LUNG, 3) IN THE LUNG THE SPORES GERMINATE AND DEVELOP INTO LARGE SPHERULES FILLED WITH MANY ENDOSPORES, 4) RUPTURE OF THE SPHERULE RELEASE THE ENDOSPORES, EACH OF WHICH CAN FORM A NEW ENDOSPORE
Term
60. _____ is the fungi that causes histoplasmosis pulmonary infections.
Definition
HISTOPLASMA CAPSULATUM
Term
61. _____ is an endemic in central and eastern states. It grows in soil heavily contaminated with bird droppings, especially from starlings.
Definition
HISTOPLASMA
Term
62. _____ is a common infection in south central and south eastern US. It occurs in the respiratory tract and causes Grain Farmer’s disease.
Definition
BLASTOMYCES
Term
63. _____ is the fungus that causes blastomyces.
Definition
BLASTOMYCES DERMATITIDIS
Term
64. _____ is the most common opportunistic fungus.
Definition
CANDIDA ALBICANS
Term
65. _____ is a fungus that can infect individuals who have AIDS or meningitis.
Definition
CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS
Term
66. _____ is a opportunistic fungi that can infect asthma patients.
Definition
ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS
Term
67. _____ is an opportunistic fungi that used to be the number 1 cause of AIDS related deaths.
Definition
PNEUMOCYSTIS CARINII
Term
68. 3 diseases caused by candida albicans.
Definition
1) THRUSH, 2) VAGINITIS, 3) CHRONIC MUCOCUTANEOUS CANDIDIASIS
Term
69. _____ is a candida infection that presents as raised white plaques on the oral mucosa, tongue, or gums.
Definition
THRUSH
Term
70. Most HIV positive individuals eventually develop _____, which spreads to the esophagus which indicates full blown AIDS.
Definition
ORAL CANDIDIASIS (THRUSH)
Term
71. _____ presents as itching and burning pain of the vulva and vagina, accompanied by a thick or thin white discharge.
Definition
VAGINAL CANDIDIASIS
Term
72. How is one infected with candidiasis.
Definition
IT IS A MEMBER OF NORMAL FLORA THE SKIN AND MUCUS MEMBRANES, AND WHEN ONE IS IMMUNOCOMPROMISED IT CAN INFECT THEM
Term
73. _____ is the opportunistic fungi that causes cryptococcosis and cryptococcal meningitis.
Definition
CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS
Term
74. _____ is the most common life threatening fungal diseases in AIDS patients.
Definition
CRYPTOCOCCOSS
Term
75. The most common form of cryptococcosis is a mild, subclinical _____.
Definition
LUNG INFECTION
Term
76. In immunocompromised patients cryptococosis infections often diseeminate to the _____ and _____ with fatal consequences.
Definition
BRAIN, MENINGES
Term
77. Cryptococcosis is abundant in soil containing _____, and humans are infected from inhaling the organism.
Definition
PIGEON DROPPINGS
Term
78. Is there human to human transmission of cryptococcosis?
Definition
NO
Term
79. _____ is an opportunistic fungi that causes infections of the skin, eyes, ears, and fungus balls in the lungs.
Definition
ASPERGILLUS
Term
80. In immunocompromised people, aspergillus can invade the lungs and other organs producing _____ and _____.
Definition
HEMOPTYSIS AND GRANULOMAS
Term
81. Aspergilla are well known for their ability to grow in cavities within the lungs and produce _____.
Definition
FUNGAL BALLS
Term
82. Aspergillosis is transmitted through the _____method.
Definition
AIRBORNE
Term
83. _____ is currently one of the most common opportunistic diseases of HIV patients, and is almost 100% fatal if untreated. It causes pneumocystitis carnii pneumonia (PCP).
Definition
PNEUMOCYSTIS CARINII
Term
84. The development of PCP is thought to be by activation of _____.
Definition
PREEXISTING DORMANT CELLS IN THE LUNGS
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