Term
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Definition
| worms, some of which are parasitic to humans |
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Term
| Helminths belong to one of three groups: |
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Definition
1. Cestodes (tapeworms),
2.Trematodes (flukes), and
3. Nematodes (roundworms). |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| It is estimated that at least _______% of world’s population is infected with a parasitic helminth |
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Definition
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Term
| Helminths live in both the |
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Definition
| body spaces (gut lumen, bile ducts, lungs, oral cavity, etc.) and in tissues (blood, muscles and skin) |
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Term
| The mode of transmission to humans varies from species to species, and includes: |
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Definition
1.ingestion of larva in raw or undercooked pork, beef or fish
2. ingestion of helminth eggs in feces,
3. by insect bites
4. by direct skin penetration |
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Term
| Pathology with infection of helminths :#1 |
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Definition
| Immune responses to adult, larval or eggs stages of the lifecycle (for example with the schistosomes). |
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Term
| Pathology with infection of helminths :#2 |
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Definition
| High densities of adult parasites feeding on host tissues, causing tissue damage (for example many of the digenean flukes), |
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Term
| Pathology with infection of helminths :#3 |
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Definition
| Obstruction of the gut, (as may be the case with Ascaris infections) |
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Term
| Pathology with infection of helminths :#4 |
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Definition
| Obstruction of lymphatic drainage (as seen with lymphatic filariasis, although in this case this is a gross simplification of what happens). |
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Term
| Pathology with infection of helminths :#5 |
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Definition
| Depletion of nutrients or other metabolites required by the host |
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Term
| Pathology with infection of helminths :#6 |
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Definition
| Parasites feeding on blood, causing anaemia |
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Term
| Example of pathology of depletion of nutrients |
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Definition
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Term
| What does a deficeincy of vitamin B12 lead to |
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Definition
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Term
| Helminth responsible for vitamin B12 depletion |
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Definition
| Diphylobothrium latum aka Fishtape worm |
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Term
| Example of a Parasite that feeds on blood |
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Definition
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Term
| The cestodes (tapeworms) have this type of shape |
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Definition
| are ribbon-like, segmented worms |
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Term
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Definition
| primarily intestinal parasites |
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Term
| cestodes (tapeworms) totally lack a |
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Definition
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Term
| Due to their lack of a digestive system cestodes (Tapeworms) do not ingest |
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Definition
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Term
| cestodes (Tapeworms)gain nutirients by |
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Definition
| absorbing soluble nutrients directly through their cuticle |
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Term
| What will be found in stools of patients who have cestodes (tapeworm) |
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Definition
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Term
| Cestodes (Tapeworm) cause clinical injury by |
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Definition
| sequestering the host’s nutrients |
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Term
| Cestodes (tapeworm) cause clinical injury by excreting |
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Definition
| toxic waste and massive infestation |
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Term
| Cestodes cause clinical injury by causing mechanical blockage |
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Definition
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Term
| Hymenolepis nana is the smallest of all tapeworms aka the |
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Definition
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Term
| Symptoms of the Hymenolepis nana (dwarf tapeworm) are: |
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Definition
| anorexia, abdominal pain, and diarrhea, however, symptoms often go unnoticed |
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Term
| The adults of the dwarf tapeworm are |
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Definition
| 15 to 40 mm in length and 1 mm in width |
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Term
| The length of the adult T. solium is |
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Definition
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Term
| Cysticercosis is an infection by the parasite |
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Definition
| Taenia solium (pork tapeworm) |
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Term
| Cysticercosis is an infection by a parasite called Taenia solium , a pork tapeworm, that creates |
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Definition
| cysts in different areas in the body |
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Term
| The larvae of T. solium are able to |
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Definition
| invade tissue, and enter the bloodstream |
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Term
| Once The larvae of T. solium are able to invade tissue, and enter the bloodstream they are able to spread to many organs such as: |
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Definition
| skeletal muscle, heart, eye, brain, and spinal cord |
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Term
| Taenia solium (pork tapeworm) form cysts in tissue called |
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Definition
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Term
| cysticerci cannot grow into adult worms in this state, and remain |
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Definition
| indefinitely encapsulated in tissue |
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Term
| An estimated __________ new cases of cysticerci are diagnosed per year in the United States |
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Definition
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Term
| The length of the adult T. saginata is |
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Definition
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Term
| Diphyllobothrium latum (fish tape worm)has a wide distribution, occurring especially in countries bordering the |
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Definition
| Baltic Sea (Finland, Sweden and also in Russia, Switzerland and North America) |
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Term
| Diphyllobothrium latum (fish tape worm) is a problem in countries where the populations are known to eat |
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Definition
| uncooked or partly cooked (i.e. smoked) fish |
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Term
| The fish tapeworm (Diphyllobothrium latum) can cause anemia because it |
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Definition
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Term
| Vitamin B12 is necessary for |
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Definition
| red blood cells to mature |
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Term
| Echinococcosis or Hydatid disease in man is caused by the |
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Definition
| larval stage of the dog tapeworm, Echinococcus granulosus |
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Term
| Hydatid disease is most extensively found in |
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Definition
| East Africa, North Africa, South Africa, the Middle East and parts of South America and Australia |
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Term
| Unilocular cyst of Echinococcus granulosus each enclosed in its own |
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Definition
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Term
| Unilocular cyst of Echinococcus granulosus are called Hydatid cyst because |
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Definition
| the whole being suspended in a hydatid fluid |
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Term
| Hydatid cyst in man give rise to |
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Definition
| unilocular hydatid disease |
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Term
| Inside cyst in larva stage of E. Granulosus can’t mature in the |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the organs that suffer in humans from Hydatid cyst |
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Definition
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Term
| Prevention of Cestodes Infection: Taenia solium |
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Definition
| cooking pork adequately and disposing of waste properly so that the pigs cann’t ingest human feces |
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Term
| Prevention of Cestodes Infection: Cysticerci |
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Definition
| treatment of patient to prevent autoinfection plus observation of proper hygiene |
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| Prevention of Cestodes Infection: Taenia saginata |
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Definition
| Prevention involves cooking beef adequately and disposing of waste properly so that cattle cann’t consume human feces |
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Term
| Prevention of Cestodes Infection: Diphyllobothriasis |
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Definition
| involves adequate cooking of fish and proper disposal of human feces |
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| Prevention of Cestodes Infection: Hydatid cyst |
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Definition
| involves not feeding the entrails of the slaughtered sheep to dogs |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Diphyllobothrium Latum aka |
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Definition
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Term
| Echinococcus granulosus aka |
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Definition
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Term
| T. Solium, T. Saginata, & Diphyllobothrium latum all effect this site in the human body |
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Definition
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Term
| T. Solium (cysticerci) effects these body parts |
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Definition
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Term
| Echinococcus granulosus effects these body parts |
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Definition
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Term
| Mode of transmission for T. Solium (A) |
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Definition
| ingested larvae in undercooked pork |
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Term
| Mode of transmission for T. Solium (B)cysticerci |
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Definition
| Ingested eggs in food or water contaminated with human feces |
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Term
| Mode of transmission for T. Saginata |
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Definition
| ingested larvae in undercooked beef |
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Term
| Mode of transmission for Diphyllobothrium latum |
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Definition
| ingested larvae in undercooked fish |
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Term
| Mode of transmission for Echinococcus granulosus |
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Definition
| ingest eggs in food contaminated with dog feces |
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Term
| Diagnosis of T. Solium (A)& T. Saginata |
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Definition
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Term
| Diagnosis of T. Solium (B)cysticerci |
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Definition
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Term
| Diagnosis of Diphyllobothrium latum |
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Definition
| operculated eggs in stool |
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Term
| Diagnosis of Echinococcus granulosus |
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Definition
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Term
| Treatment for T. Solium, Diphyllobothrium latum, T. Saginata |
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Definition
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Term
| Treatment for Echinococcus granulosus |
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Definition
| Albendazole or surgical removal of cyst |
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Term
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Definition
| Taenia Sginata (Beef tapeworm) |
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