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| state of not being in good health |
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| often refered to as protozoans or worms |
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| reffering to bacteria, virus, or fungus that (an organism) that has potential to cause disease |
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| a pathogen growing in or on the host-has invaded the host |
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| ability of the pathogen to spread to other tissues in the body |
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Definition
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| degree or intensity of pathogenicity |
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Definition
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| ability of the pathogen to secrete toxins |
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| an infection in which the pathogen grows massively in the body, found in blood and usually leads to death. |
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| scientific study of disease |
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| study of the cause of a disease |
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Definition
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| study of the development of a disease |
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| can prevent pathogens from causingan infection |
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| microbes that are present for various periods and then disappear |
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both orgamisms benefits
ex. plants |
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Definition
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Term
| one orgamism benefits and the other is unaffected |
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Definition
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one benefits and the other is harmed
ex. worms being in the body, worms have a place to live and feed and the body is harmed |
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Definition
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Term
| where noraml microbiotas can prevent pathogens from causing and infection. |
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Definition
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Term
pathogens that do not cause disease under normal conditions but can cause disease under special conditions
ex. e coli can gain access to other body parts. |
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Definition
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Term
| cannot be measured, is a subjective change in body functions |
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Definition
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Term
| measurable changes in the body |
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Term
| a specific group of symptoms or signs that always accompanies a specifis diseace |
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| directly or indirectly from one host to another |
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| easily spread from one person to another |
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| caused by microorgamisms that normally grow outside the human body and are not transmitted from one host to another |
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number of people contracting the disease
new cases |
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Term
number of cases at a particualar time
existing
note: a period of time |
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only an occasional case
ex. typhoid fever |
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constantly present in the general population
ex. common cold |
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many ppl acquire the disease in a relatively short period of time
ex. flu |
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world wide epidemic
ex. AIDS |
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Definition
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| a disease that develops rapidly but lasts a short period of time |
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a disease that develops more slowly and body reactions may be less severe but will probably be continual or last a long time
ex. Mono, TB |
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somewhere between acute and chronic
ex. rare brain disease |
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causative agent remains inactive for a time and then becomes active to produce symptoms of the disease
ex. shingles |
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Definition
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| new diseases and diseases with increasing incidences |
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Definition
EIDS
emerging infectious diseases |
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Term
affects a small area of the body
ex. boil or acne |
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Definition
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| spread throughout the body via circulatory system |
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Definition
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| can occur after the host is weakened from a primary infection |
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does not cause any signs of disease in the host
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Definition
| unapparent or subclinical infection |
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Term
| a continual SOURCE of infection |
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Term
diseases that affect wild and domestic animals and can be transmitted to humans
ex. rabies |
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Definition
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Term
| involves close physical contact between the source of the disease and suspectable host |
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Term
| constitutes indirect contact |
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Definition
| transmission by fomite (indirect) |
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Term
| tranmission via saliva or mucus in coughingor sneezing |
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Term
| transmission by a medium such as water, food or air |
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Definition
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| refers to pathogens carried on water droplets or dust for a distance greater than 1 meter |
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Definition
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| carries pathogens from one host to another by both mechanical and biological transmission |
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Definition
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| presence of immunity to a diease in most of the population |
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| on an animals body and spread by contact |
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Definition
| mechanical or passive transmission |
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Term
| spread by when the animal actually bites or scratches |
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Definition
| active or biological transmission |
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Term
| pathogens exits by coughing or sneezing |
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Definition
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| pathogens exit by salivia or feces |
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| in infection that occurs in a place where they are to be healed. like getting an infection from a hospital |
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Definition
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Term
| patients with burns, surgical wounds and suppressded immune systems are the most susceptible to nonsocomial infections are known as what |
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Definition
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Term
| what are things/ways that nonsocomial infeactions can be transmitted |
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Definition
| catheters, syringes, and respiratory devices. |
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Term
| is one that makes the body more susceptible to disease or alters the course of a disease |
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Definition
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Term
| the time interval between the initial infection and the first appearance of signs and symptoms |
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Definition
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| is characterized by the appearance of the first mild sings and symptoms |
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Definition
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Term
| the disease is at its height and all disease signs and symptoms are apparent |
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Definition
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| the signs and symptoms subside |
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Definition
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| body turns to its normal state and health is restored |
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Definition
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Term
| the study of the transmission, incidence and frequency of disease is.. |
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Definition
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Term
| data about infected people are collected and analyzed, this is known as what |
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Term
| a group of infected people is comapred with and uninfected group, this is known as what |
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Definition
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Term
| contrilled experiments designed to test hypotheses are performed in what |
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Definition
| experimental epidemiology |
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Term
| is the ability of a pathogen to produce a disease |
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Definition
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Term
| is the degree of pathogenicity |
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Definition
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Term
| the specific route by which a particular pathogen gains access to the body |
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Definition
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Term
| is the number of microbes in a dose that will 50% of inoculated test animals |
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Definition
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Term
| is the dose required to produce a demonstratable infection in 50% of the test animals |
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Term
| ____ destroy white blood cells |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ lyse red blood cells |
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Definition
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Term
| poisonus substances produced by microogranisms are called what |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ refers to the presence of toxins in the blood |
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Definition
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Term
| __ is the ability to produce toxins |
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Definition
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Term
___ are produced inside some baterieria as some if their growth and metabolism and re released into the surrounding area.
___ produce the disease symptoms
___ are usually produced by gram (-) bacteria |
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Definition
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Term
| antibodies produced against exotoxins are called what |
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Definition
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| ___ work by destroying particular parts of the hosts cell or by inhibiting metabolic functions. |
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___ prevent nerve transmission
ex. tatanus |
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Definition
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| ___ induce fluid and electrolyte loss from the host cell |
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Definition
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___ are released wih bacterial cell death or by the action os antibiotics and antibodies
____ are lipopolysaccharides that form a normal part of the cell wall in gram negative bacteria |
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Definition
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Term
| __ are visible signs of viral infection |
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Definition
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Definition
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| __ is the cell damage but not death |
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Definition
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| the ability to ward off disease through body defences is called |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| ___ refers to all body defences that protect the body against and kind of pathogen |
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Definition
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| ___ refers to defences against specific microorganisms |
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Definition
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| __ is an oily substance produced by the skin |
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Definition
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Term
| when phagocytes have the ability to stick to the lining of the blood vessels, this is called what |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ also has the ability to squeeze through blood vessels |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ is the accumulation of damaged tissue and dead microbes |
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Definition
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Term
| a systematic response that your body does |
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Definition
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Term
| __ consists of a group of serum proteins that activate on another to destroy invading microorganisms |
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Definition
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Term
| __ are antiviral proteins produced in response to a viral infection |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ is a individuals geneticallt predetermined resistance to certain diseases |
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Definition
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Term
| __ is the study of reastions between antibodies and antigens |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ is the ability if the body to specifically counteract foreign orgamisms |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ is a specific resistance to infection developed during the life of the individual |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ is immunity resluting from infection |
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Definition
| naturally accquired immunity |
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Term
| ___ occurs when antibodies are transferred from a mother to a fetus |
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Definition
| naturally accquired passive immunity |
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Term
| ___ results from a vaccine |
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Definition
| artificially acquired active immunity |
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Term
| __ refers to humoral antibodies acquired by injection |
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Definition
| artificially acquired passive immunity |
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Term
| ___ involves specializedlymphocytes called T-cells |
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Definition
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Term
| __ is a chemical sudstance that causes the body to produce specific antibodies |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ is a protein produced by B-cells in response to presence of an antiogen and is capable of combinging specifically with that antigen |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ is a programmed cell death that unneeded lynphocytes undergo |
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