Term
| This type of meningitis is caused by a small gram negative aerobic rod. It occurs primarily in children under the age of four. |
|
Definition
| Haemophilus influenzae meningitis |
|
|
Term
| Which type of meningitis was incorrectly identified as a cause for influenza |
|
Definition
| Haemophilus influenza meningitis |
|
|
Term
| Which type of menigitis has a carbohydrate capsule that aids in its survival |
|
Definition
| Haemophillus influenza meningitis |
|
|
Term
| Haemophilus influenza has what type of antigen that is most common in children where risk is high, but has nearly been eliminated by a vaccine |
|
Definition
| Antigen type B. HiB vaccine has almost eliminated it. |
|
|
Term
| When is the HiB vaccine usually given |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of meningitis is caused by an aerobic gram negative cocci |
|
Definition
| Meningococcal menigitis(neisseria Meningitis) |
|
|
Term
| What is meningococcal menigitis synonymous with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of meningitis has a polysaccharide capsule that aids in virulence |
|
Definition
| Neisseria meningitis (Meningococcal meningitis) |
|
|
Term
| What percentage of the population constitutes the reservoir of infection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is Neisseria meningitis most common |
|
Definition
| In children under two, and sporadic adult cases associated with crowded stressful environments |
|
|
Term
| How many main capsule types are there for neisseria meningitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is Meningococcal meningitis contagious |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are common problems in survivors of neisseria meningitis |
|
Definition
| deafness or brain impariment |
|
|
Term
| What is the leading cause of bacterial meningitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of meningitis is caused by a gram positive encapsulated diplococci |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common cause of strep pneumonia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the mortality rates in children and in elderly adults who contract streptococcal meningitis |
|
Definition
| 30% in children and 80% in elderly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which microbe is a gram positive, spore forming, anaerobic rod common in soil and animal fecal waste |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of tetanus caused by |
|
Definition
| tetanus toxin which is also called tetanospasmin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does tetanus cause death |
|
Definition
| spastic paralysis and death by respiratory failure |
|
|
Term
| Is tetanus and infection or an intoxication |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What percentage of adults and what percentage of children have good immunity to tetanus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can be administered to non-immune individuals following a severe wound |
|
Definition
| Tetanus Immune Globulin(TIG) prepared from the serum of immune individuals |
|
|
Term
| How often is a booster for tetanus vaccination required |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the part of the DPT vaccine that immunizes against Tetanus |
|
Definition
| Tetanus toxoid(inactive toxin) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a potentially deadly form of food poisoning |
|
|
Term
| What are five virulence determinants for S. aureus |
|
Definition
| resists phagocytosis, immobilize neutrophils, induces vomiting and diarrhea, form clots, kills phagocytosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what disease is caused by bullous impetigo |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which family of streptococcal pathogens is alpha hemolytic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are two characteristics of S. pyogenes |
|
Definition
| B hemolytic strep, divided into 80 antigenic types based on M protein |
|
|
Term
| What is M protein involved in |
|
Definition
| attachment, phagocytic avoidance, and compliment activation. |
|
|
Term
| degrades connective tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which disease is caused by GAS infection of the dermal layer of skin. preceded by GAS sore throat |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is erisypelas is treated with what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is necrotizing fasciitis caused by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the key to the destruction in necrotizing fasciitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is psuedomonas normally found? what are some characteristics of it |
|
Definition
| soil and water. aerobic gram negative rod |
|
|
Term
| what is the most common skin infection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how is comedonal acne caused |
|
Definition
| shedding skin cells mixed with sebum clog follicles |
|
|
Term
| What causes inflammatory acne |
|
Definition
| propionibacterium acnes (aerobic diptheroid) |
|
|
Term
| Which kind of acne leads to scaring |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is caused by papillomas |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| benign skin growths caused by viruses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| whatis the mortality rate of variolla major vs mino |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When did variolla minor appear |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is small pox transmitted |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what was the first disease with artificialy induced immunity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the cause of chicken pox |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is chicken pox acquired |
|
Definition
| deposition in nasopharynx or inhalation. |
|
|
Term
| when is chicken pox fatal |
|
Definition
| When it is acquired in early pregnancy |
|
|
Term
| What does varicella zoster reamerge as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What percentage of us population is infected with HSV 1 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what disease is rare but can be caused by HSV 1 or 2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What disease is caused by parymoxyviridae |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| droplet contact from nose or mouth |
|
|
Term
| Who is measles most fatal for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| rare measles complication |
|
Definition
| subacute sclerosing panencephalitis |
|
|
Term
| german measles is caused by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which is worse rubella or rubeolla |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the situation that makes rubella have a 35% chance of fetal damage |
|
Definition
| contraction of the mother in the first trimester |
|
|
Term
| what are the three fungi genera that are responsible for cutaneous mycoses |
|
Definition
| trichophyton, microsporum, and epidermophyton |
|
|
Term
| what is a KOH test used to diagnose |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what can grow on the keratin layer of skin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What disease is caused by an obligate anaerobic gram positive, spore forming, rod shaped bacterium which is often found is soil and water sediments |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the microbe that causes botulism |
|
Definition
| Clostridium botulinum and botulism toxin which is the product |
|
|
Term
| What are symptoms of botulism |
|
Definition
| slurred speech, blurred vision, and paralysis |
|
|
Term
| What neurotoxin associated with botulism is deadly and causes flaccid paralysis; death by respiratory failure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What disease is the best known cause of paralysis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What disease first appeared in the US in 1894 with an outbreak in Vermont |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What season is associated with polio |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is death caused in polio |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does polio cause paralysis |
|
Definition
| invasion of the tonsils and small intestine by the virus lead to involvement of the lymphatic system and blood stream. Viremia leads to invasion of capillary walls and CNS involvment where it infects the motor nerve cells of the CNS, the cells die, and paralysis results |
|
|
Term
| Global effort to eradicate what disease started in 1988 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sabin vaccine introduced in 1963 was for what disease and it contained what |
|
Definition
| It was for polio and it contained three living attenuated virus strains. Single dose vaccine |
|
|
Term
| Which disease is caused by a neurotrophic virus which is single stranded RNA with no proofreading capabilities |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| by the bite of an infected animal |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common cause of rabies in the US |
|
Definition
| silver haired bad(dogs have a high immunization rate) |
|
|
Term
| How does the rabies virus work? |
|
Definition
| the virus replicates in epidermal cells; can also multiply in the muscle and connective tissue. then enters peripheral nervous system and travels along peripheral nerves at a rate of 15-100mm/day. Once it is in the CNS causes encephalitis and is inaccessible to the immune system as the CNS begins to be destroyed. |
|
|
Term
| What disease allows for post exposure immunization |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens to a patient with rabies when the CNS begins to get involved |
|
Definition
| aggitation mixed with intervals of calm |
|
|
Term
| what disease is also called hydrophobia and why |
|
Definition
| rabies; muscle spasm in mouth and pharynx especially when swallowing liquids. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| vaccine. Vets and animal control individuals are also immunized |
|
|
Term
| what is post exposure prophylaxis |
|
Definition
| series of anti-rabies vaccine and immune globulin injections given if a person is bitten and the animal is positive for rabies |
|
|
Term
| What is the trilaminar membrane system that protects the brain and spinal cord |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the restrictive capillary system that protects the brain and spinal column from invasion by potentially toxic compounds and microbes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the diseases that we discussed that are diseases of the CNS or diseases that affect the CNS |
|
Definition
| Meningitis(Haemophilus, Neisseria, Streptococcal), Tetanus, Botulism, Poliomyelitis, rabies |
|
|
Term
| What are all the nerves that branch off from the brain and spinal cord |
|
Definition
| Peripheral Nervous System |
|
|
Term
| What is the brain and spinal cord collectively called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What holds cerebrospinal fluid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What disease has symptoms including, fever, headache, and a stiff neck, often followed by nausea and vomiting, convulsions, and coma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is asceptic meningitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is more pathogenic viral or bacterial meningitis? Which one is more common |
|
Definition
| Bacterial is more pathogenic and deadly, and viral is more common |
|
|
Term
| How is the antibody given with bacterial meningitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is H influenzae found commonly |
|
Definition
| throat flora, especially in children |
|
|
Term
| By age five children are typically immune to what disease due to cross immunity to other agents |
|
Definition
| Haemophilus influenzae meningitis |
|
|
Term
| Neisseria meningitidis is what shape |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Haemophilus influenzae is what shape |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of meningitis what described as very invasive |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of meningitis typically starts with pneumonia or otitis media and progresses from there |
|
Definition
| streptococcal meningitis which is caused by streptococcus pneumoniae |
|
|
Term
| What shape is streptococcus pneumoniae |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of meningitis is caused by a gram positive microbe |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are botulism and tetanus different? How are they similar |
|
Definition
| Both are diseases of the CNS. Both are gram positive, obligate anaerobes, spore forming, rods. Botulism is a food poisoning(intoxication from type A neurotoxin) and tetanus is from puncture wounds(tetanus toxin). |
|
|
Term
| What percentage of people who get polio become paralyzed |
|
Definition
| 1% of all those infected with the virus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A vaccine for polio developed in 1954. It was 90% effective and required a series of injections |
|
|
Term
| Rabies virus is what type of virus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the final stages of this neurotropic viral disease there is extensive damage to nerve cells of the brain and spinal cord. |
|
Definition
|
|
