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Micro Test 3
Protozoa 3
50
Health Care
Professional
11/17/2011

Additional Health Care Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Trypanosoma—The genus trypanosoma includes three major pathogens
Definition
1.Trypanosoma cruzi,
2. Trypanosoma gambiense, and
3. Trypanosoma rhodesiense
Term
Trypanosoma cruzi
Disease—T cruzi is the cause of
Definition
Chagas disease
Term
Another name for Chagas disease
Definition
American trypanosomiasis
Term
Transmission of Chagas Disease
Definition
The life cycle involves the reduviid bug as the vector and both humans and animals as reservoir host
Term
Chagas disease occurs primarily
Definition
primarily in rural Central and South America and rarely in the southern United States
Term
The reduviid bug lives in the walls of
Definition
the walls of rural huts and feeds at night
Term
the reduvid bug bites mainly
Definition
around the mouth or eyes, hence the name “kissing bug
Term
what muscle is the most frequently and severely affected tissue in Chagus disease
Definition
Cardiac muscle
Term
neuronal damage in Chagas disease leads to
Definition
cardiac arrhythmias and loss of tone in the colon (megacolon) and esophagus (megaesophagus
Term
The acute phase of Chagas disease consists of
Definition
facial edema and a nodule (chagoma) near the bite, coupled with fever, lymph adenopathy, and hepatosplenomegaly
Term
The acute phase of Chagas disease resolves in about
Definition
two months
Term
Most individuals after the acute phase of chagas remain asymptomatic, but some progress to the chronic form with
Definition
myocarditis and megacolon
Term
Death from chronic Chagas disease is usually due to
Definition
cardiac arrhythmias and failure
Term
The drug of choice for the acute phase of chagas disease is
Definition
nifurtimox, which kills trypomastogotes in blood but is much less effective against amastigotes in tissue
Term
There is no effective drug against the chronic form of Chagas disease
Definition
No
Term
Prevention of Chagas disease
Definition
It involves protection from the reduviid bite, improved housing, and insect control
Term
Is there a prophylactic drug or vaccine available for Chagas
Definition
No
Term
African Trypanosomiasis aka
Definition
T gambiense and T rhodesiense cause sleeping sickness
Term
Transmission of African Trypanosomiasis
Definition
Tsetse fly
Term
Epidemiology of T gambiense and T rhodesiense
Definition
endemic in Sub-Saharan Africa, the natural habitat of the tsetse fly
Term
Pathogenesis of the T gambiense and T rhodesiense is
Definition
spread from the skin through the blood to the lymph nodes and the brain
Term
The typical somnolence of T gambiense and T rhodesiense (sleeping sickness) progresses to coma as a result of a
Definition
demyelinating encephalitis
Term
T gambiense and T rhodesiense aka
Definition
Sleeping sickness
Term
Clinical Findings—The initial lesion of African T is an
Definition
indurated skin ulcer at the site of the fly bite
Term
After the organisms of African T enter the blood what develops initially
Definition
intermittent weekly fever and lymphadenopathy
Term
The encephalitis from African T is characterized initially by
Definition
headache, insomnia and mood changes
Term
Chronic encephalitis from African T is characterized by
Definition
muscle tremors, slurred speech and apathy that progress to somnolence and coma
Term
The treatment for African T must be initiate before the development of
Definition
encephalitis
Term
the most effective drug for the treatment of African T
Definition
suramin
Term
Why will the Suramin not be effective in the treatment of African T once encephalitis develops
Definition
It cannot cross the blood brain barrier
Term
The most important preventive measure in preventing African T is
Definition
protection against the fly bite, using netting and protective clothing
Term
Leishmaniasis refers to a group of infections caused by the
Definition
flagellate protozoa of the genus leishmania
Term
There are three clinical types of leishmaniasis
Definition
1.Cutaneous,
2.Mucocutaneous and
3.Visceral
Term
Transmission of leishmaniasis to humans is by the
Definition
bite of a sand fly
Term
The genus Leishmania includes four major pathogens
Definition
1.L donovani 2.L tropica and L mexicana 3. L braziliensis
Term
L donovani is the cause of
Definition
Kala-azar (visceral leishmaniasis)
Term
L tropica and L mexicana
Definition
cause cutaneous leishmaniasis
Term
L braziliensis causes
Definition
mucocutaneous leishmaniasis
Term
The lesions of cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis are limited to the
Definition
skin and mucous membranes
Term
Cutaneous leishmaniasis appears
Definition
2 to 3 weeks after the bite of an infected sand fly as a small cutaneous papule
Term
Visceral Leishmaniasis (kala-azar)Symptoms begin with
Definition
intermittent fever, weakness, and weightloss
Term
Visceral Leishmaniasis (kala-azar)Symptoms also include Massive enlargement of this organ
Definition
spleen
Term
Visceral Leishmaniasis (kala-azar)Symptoms also include
Definition
Hyperpigmentation of the skin is seen in light skinned patients
Term
kala-azar means
Definition
black sickness
Term
The course of kala-azar disease runs for
Definition
months to years
Term
Treatment for kala-azar disease
Definition
sodium stibogluconate
Term
Prevention for kala-azar disease involves
Definition
protection from sandfly bites
Term
Can chagas disease be cured before the disease reaches the heart muscle
Definition
yes
Term
Chagas disease is confirmed by a
Definition
blood smear
Term
Trypanosoma is in the general category of
Definition
Hemoflagellates
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