Term
| Trypanosoma—The genus trypanosoma includes three major pathogens |
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Definition
1.Trypanosoma cruzi,
2. Trypanosoma gambiense, and
3. Trypanosoma rhodesiense |
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Term
Trypanosoma cruzi
Disease—T cruzi is the cause of |
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Definition
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Term
| Another name for Chagas disease |
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Definition
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Term
| Transmission of Chagas Disease |
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Definition
| The life cycle involves the reduviid bug as the vector and both humans and animals as reservoir host |
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Term
| Chagas disease occurs primarily |
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Definition
| primarily in rural Central and South America and rarely in the southern United States |
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Term
| The reduviid bug lives in the walls of |
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Definition
| the walls of rural huts and feeds at night |
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Term
| the reduvid bug bites mainly |
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Definition
| around the mouth or eyes, hence the name “kissing bug |
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Term
| what muscle is the most frequently and severely affected tissue in Chagus disease |
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Definition
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Term
| neuronal damage in Chagas disease leads to |
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Definition
| cardiac arrhythmias and loss of tone in the colon (megacolon) and esophagus (megaesophagus |
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Term
| The acute phase of Chagas disease consists of |
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Definition
| facial edema and a nodule (chagoma) near the bite, coupled with fever, lymph adenopathy, and hepatosplenomegaly |
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Term
| The acute phase of Chagas disease resolves in about |
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Definition
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Term
| Most individuals after the acute phase of chagas remain asymptomatic, but some progress to the chronic form with |
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Definition
| myocarditis and megacolon |
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Term
| Death from chronic Chagas disease is usually due to |
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Definition
| cardiac arrhythmias and failure |
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Term
| The drug of choice for the acute phase of chagas disease is |
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Definition
| nifurtimox, which kills trypomastogotes in blood but is much less effective against amastigotes in tissue |
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Term
| There is no effective drug against the chronic form of Chagas disease |
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Definition
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Term
| Prevention of Chagas disease |
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Definition
| It involves protection from the reduviid bite, improved housing, and insect control |
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Term
| Is there a prophylactic drug or vaccine available for Chagas |
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Definition
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Term
| African Trypanosomiasis aka |
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Definition
| T gambiense and T rhodesiense cause sleeping sickness |
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Term
| Transmission of African Trypanosomiasis |
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Definition
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Term
| Epidemiology of T gambiense and T rhodesiense |
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Definition
| endemic in Sub-Saharan Africa, the natural habitat of the tsetse fly |
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Term
| Pathogenesis of the T gambiense and T rhodesiense is |
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Definition
| spread from the skin through the blood to the lymph nodes and the brain |
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Term
| The typical somnolence of T gambiense and T rhodesiense (sleeping sickness) progresses to coma as a result of a |
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Definition
| demyelinating encephalitis |
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Term
| T gambiense and T rhodesiense aka |
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Definition
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Term
| Clinical Findings—The initial lesion of African T is an |
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Definition
| indurated skin ulcer at the site of the fly bite |
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Term
| After the organisms of African T enter the blood what develops initially |
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Definition
| intermittent weekly fever and lymphadenopathy |
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Term
| The encephalitis from African T is characterized initially by |
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Definition
| headache, insomnia and mood changes |
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Term
| Chronic encephalitis from African T is characterized by |
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Definition
| muscle tremors, slurred speech and apathy that progress to somnolence and coma |
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Term
| The treatment for African T must be initiate before the development of |
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Definition
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Term
| the most effective drug for the treatment of African T |
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Definition
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Term
| Why will the Suramin not be effective in the treatment of African T once encephalitis develops |
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Definition
| It cannot cross the blood brain barrier |
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Term
| The most important preventive measure in preventing African T is |
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Definition
| protection against the fly bite, using netting and protective clothing |
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Term
| Leishmaniasis refers to a group of infections caused by the |
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Definition
| flagellate protozoa of the genus leishmania |
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Term
| There are three clinical types of leishmaniasis |
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Definition
1.Cutaneous,
2.Mucocutaneous and
3.Visceral |
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Term
| Transmission of leishmaniasis to humans is by the |
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Definition
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Term
| The genus Leishmania includes four major pathogens |
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Definition
| 1.L donovani 2.L tropica and L mexicana 3. L braziliensis |
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Term
| L donovani is the cause of |
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Definition
| Kala-azar (visceral leishmaniasis) |
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Term
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Definition
| cause cutaneous leishmaniasis |
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Term
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Definition
| mucocutaneous leishmaniasis |
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Term
| The lesions of cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis are limited to the |
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Definition
| skin and mucous membranes |
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Term
| Cutaneous leishmaniasis appears |
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Definition
| 2 to 3 weeks after the bite of an infected sand fly as a small cutaneous papule |
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Term
| Visceral Leishmaniasis (kala-azar)Symptoms begin with |
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Definition
| intermittent fever, weakness, and weightloss |
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Term
| Visceral Leishmaniasis (kala-azar)Symptoms also include Massive enlargement of this organ |
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Definition
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Term
| Visceral Leishmaniasis (kala-azar)Symptoms also include |
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Definition
| Hyperpigmentation of the skin is seen in light skinned patients |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| The course of kala-azar disease runs for |
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Definition
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Term
| Treatment for kala-azar disease |
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Definition
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Term
| Prevention for kala-azar disease involves |
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Definition
| protection from sandfly bites |
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Term
| Can chagas disease be cured before the disease reaches the heart muscle |
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Definition
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Term
| Chagas disease is confirmed by a |
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Definition
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Term
| Trypanosoma is in the general category of |
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Definition
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