Term
| The major protozoal diseases that involve the blood and internal organs are: |
|
Definition
1. Malaria (Plasmodium species), 2.Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma species), 3.Trypanosomiasis (Trypanosoma species) and
4.Leishmaniasis (Leishmania species) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Malaria is caused by four plasmodia; |
|
Definition
1. vivax,
2. ovale,
3. malariae, and
4. falciparum |
|
|
Term
| are more common causes of malaria |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Plasmodium and Toxoplasma are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Trypanosoma and Leishmania are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| flagellates are sometimes called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Malaria is transmitted primarily by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Malaria can also be transmitted by |
|
Definition
| across the placenta, in blood transfusions, and by intravenous drug abuse |
|
|
Term
| Plasmodium sporozoites are injected into the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the blood stream sporozoites moves rapidly to the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in the liver sporozoites form cyst like structures containing thousands of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most of the pathological findings of malaria result from the destruction of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Red cells are destroyed both by the release of the |
|
Definition
| merozoites and by the action of the spleen to first sequester the infected red cells and then to lyse them |
|
|
Term
| The enlarged spleen characteristic of malaria is due to |
|
Definition
| congestion of sinusoids with erythrocytes, couples with hyperplasia of lymphocytes and macrophages |
|
|
Term
| Malaria occurs primarily in these areas |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Malaria occurs primarily in these countries |
|
Definition
| in Asia, Africa, and Central and South America |
|
|
Term
| Malaria in United States is seen in Americans who |
|
Definition
| travel to areas of endemic infection without adequate chemoprophylaxis and in immigrants from areas of endemic infection |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common lethal infectious disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| with abrupt onset of fever, and chills accompanied by headache myalgia and arthralgias, about two weeks after the mosquito bite. The fever may be continuous early in the disease |
|
|
Term
| In Malaria fever is followed by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is seen in most malaria patients |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| occurs in roughly one third of malaria patients |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Untreated malaria caused by P.falciparum is potentially life threatening as a result of extensive |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is the drug of choice for acute malaria |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| must be used to prevent malaria relapses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Methods can be used to prevent malaria |
|
Definition
| The use of mosquito netting, window screens, protective clothing, and insect repellants |
|
|
Term
| Chemoprophylaxis of malaria for travelers include |
|
Definition
Chloroquine , and
Mefloquine |
|
|
Term
| Is there a vaccine for malaria |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What equipment decreased all-cause mortality in children < 5 years by about 20% in regards to malaria. |
|
Definition
| insecticide-treated bed net (ITN) |
|
|
Term
| is a complication malaria characterized by intravascular haemolysis, haemoglobinuria and kidney failure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Blackwater fever is caused by heavy parasitization of red blood cells with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does Blackwater fever have a high mortality |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the symptoms for blackwayer fever include |
|
Definition
| a rapid pulse, high fever and chills, extreme prostration, a rapidly developing anemia |
|
|
Term
| the primary symptoms for blackwayer fever is |
|
Definition
| the passage of urine that is black or dark red in colour |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Toxoplasma gondii is a sporozoan, distributed worldwide, that infects all |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the definitive host for Toxoplasma gondii is a |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Humans can become infected from Toxoplasma gondii by |
|
Definition
| the accidental ingestion of oocysts present in cat feces |
|
|
Term
| Humans can become infected from Toxoplasma gondii by |
|
Definition
in cat feces,
by eating raw or undercooked meat containing (tissue cyst) |
|
|
Term
| Humans can become infected from Toxoplasma gondii by |
|
Definition
| congenitally from an infected mother |
|
|
Term
| Humans can become infected from Toxoplasma gondii by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most primary Toxoplasma gondii infections in immunocompetent adults are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Toxoplasma gondii Congenital infections can result in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Toxoplasma gondii Congenital infections can result in |
|
Definition
| stillbirth or neonatal disease with encephalitis |
|
|
Term
| Toxoplasma gondii Congenital infections can result in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Toxoplasma gondii Congenital infections can result in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when immunosuppressed patients are infected with Toxoplasma gondii |
|
Definition
| life threatening disseminated disease primarily encephalitis occurs |
|
|
Term
| Congenital toxoplasmosis whether symptomatic or asymptomatic, should be treated with a combination of |
|
Definition
| sulfadiazine and pyramethamine |
|
|
Term
| Acute toxoplasmosis in an immunocompetent individual is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The most effective means of preventing toxoplasmosis is to |
|
Definition
| cook meat throughly to kill the cysts |
|
|
Term
| Pregnant women should be especially careful to avoid |
|
Definition
undercooked meat and contact with cats.
They should refrain from emptying cat litter boxes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
