Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Micro Spring 2013 Block II Disease Treatments
n/a
32
Microbiology
Graduate
04/06/2013

Additional Microbiology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
How is Hep A treated?
Definition
Almost all are self limiting to a few weeks-months
Term
How long in advance must immune serum globulin be given to confer temporary immunity to Hep A?
Definition
Protective if given before or during the incubation period of the disease
Not indicated once symptoms have appeared
Term
How is vertical transmission of HBV to newborns prevented?
Definition
Use of combined HBIG and HBV vaccine
Term
How do you treat chronic HBV?
Definition
Interferon-alpha, Lamivudin, Adefovir
Term
How is HCV treated?
Definition
Combination treatment with interferon-a and ribavirin
Term
How is Hep D prevented?
Definition
By preventing Hep B
Term
How is Hep D treated?
Definition
Interferon alpha
Response to treatment in patients with delta hepatitis (and hepatitis B) is less than in those with hepatitis B alone
Term
What special consideration should be made in the treatment of Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)?
Definition
Monitoring for renal failure
Term
What additional treatment option can be used for Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)?
Definition
Antibiotics may be administered for more severe cases and will decrease the length of symptoms, otherwise self limiting
Term
How is Francisella tularensis treated?
Definition
Antibiotics (gentamicin or ciprofloxacin)
Term
How is Bacteroides fragilis treated?
Definition
If causing acute diarrhea due to ingestion, is self limiting
If due to epithelial break: Abscess drainage and antibiotics
Term
How is H. pylori treated?
Definition
Combo of antimicrobials and acid reducers
Metronidazole, tetracyclin, clarithromycin*, and amoxycillin*
Proton pump inhibitor
Term
How is cholera treated?
Definition
Immediate fluid replacement
Antimicrobials: tetracycline or TSX and erythromycin
Usually self-limiting
Term
How is campylobacter contraction prevented?
Definition
Pesteurization of milk and beverages and chlorination of water is helpful in preventing outbreaks
Proper cooking and handling of poultry products
Term
How is campylobacter treated?
Definition
Macrolides (erythromycin is the drug of choice) and fluoroquinolones
Resistant to beta-lactams
Term
How is salmonella poisoning treated?
Definition
Fluid and electrolyte replacement is the primary tx
Chemotherapy includes chloramphenicol (bone marrow depression is an important side effect, dangerous), STX, ampicillin, ceftriaxone, and quinolones
Term
How is shigella treated?
Definition
Usually self limiting
Antimicrobials help shortening the period of illness and excretion of the organisms
Antispasmodics are contraindicated
Term
How are picornavirus infections prevented?
Definition
Both Inactivated virus (IPV) and Live-attenuated virus (OV) vaccines exist
IPV is now the standard for use in the US
Term
How are picornaviruses treated?
Definition
Most infections are mild and resolve on their own
Injection of Ig to the infecting virus is used in severe cases of neonates or those with Ig deficiency
Supportive care for cardiac or CNS
Term
How is rotavirus immunity mediated?
Definition
VP4 and VP7 (outer shell) are targets for neutralizing antibodies and humoral immunity plays a large role in viral clearance
Term
How is rotavirus infection prevented?
Definition
A live-attenuated vaccine is available. The 3 shot course must be completed by 32 months of age due to concerns over a potentially fatal complication
Term
How is rotavirus treated?
Definition
Usually self limiting, can be treated with oral fluids
Term
How is immunity to Norwalk agents and Norovirus mediated?
Definition
Short term immunity to infection by the same strain (2-3 months)
Lasting immunity is not achieved to any strain
Term
How are Norwalk agent and Norovirus infections treated?
Definition
Treatment is usually not necessary as the disease is of short term, self-limiting, and is not severe
Term
How is botulin toxin food poisoning treated?
Definition
A-B-E antitoxin
Can slow progression of disease but will not neutralize toxin already bound to neuromuscular junctions
Term
How is Cryptosporidium treated?
Definition
Self limiting in most
If immunocompromised, give Paromomycin
Term
How is Giardia lamblia treated?
Definition
Metronidazole, tinidazole
Term
How is Cylcospora cayetanensis infection prevented?
Definition
Can be killed by washing or cooking
Occurs primarily in the tropics and subtropics
Term
How are Cylcospora cayetanensis infections treated?
Definition
Usually self-limiting in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals, give fluids
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole can reduce symptoms
Term
How do you treat bacterial conjunctivitis?
Definition
Antibiotic ointments or eyedrops
Neomycin, polymyxin, bacitracin
Gentamicin, tobramycin against gram-neg microorganisms
Term
How is Tularemia diagnosed?
Definition
Direct immunofluorescent staining
Term
How is filariasis diagnosed?
Definition
Identify presence of microfilariae in blood
Blood collection must be timed with periodicity of organism
Supporting users have an ad free experience!