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| major ungulate pathogen (goats, sheep, cattle) that rarely infects humans since milk pasturization laws |
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Definition
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| chills, fever daily for months, granuloma formation |
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| brucellosis symptoms in animals |
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Definition
| abortion storms - bacterium binds to erythritol in the placenta and testes -- kills hundreds of babies |
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Definition
| live attenuated vaccine added to hay |
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| dangerous foodborne pathogen found in soft cheeses and hot dogs |
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Definition
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| oxygen requirement for listeria and the importance of it |
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Definition
| facultative psychrophile - can grow in the fridge |
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Definition
| nonspecific GI symptoms, meningitis in old and immunocompromised, infects placenta causing still birth (granulomas) or infant meningitis |
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| caused by very potent AB toxin, B part binds to neuromuscular junction, A part is a peptidase that prevents acetylcholine release = muscles cant contract |
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| foodborne, intestinal symptoms, floppy baby |
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| why isn't botulism common in the US anymore |
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Definition
| canning procedures keeps it out of food |
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| why shouldn't you give babies honey until they're a year old? |
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Definition
| floppy baby caused by botulism - no native flora to protect against it (i guess botulism is common in honey?) |
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Term
| Disease caused by the epstein-barr virus and what family is that in? |
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Definition
| very long incubation period, infects throat epithelium causing pharyngitis with pus, lymph node swelling, occasionally spleen rupture |
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Term
| How does the monospot test work? |
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Definition
| mono infects B cells and causes them to proliferate to produce heterophile antibodies, the monospot test sees if the pt. serum agglutinates ox RBCs (bc we shouldn't have antibodies against these, but will if we have heterophile antibodies) |
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Definition
| random antibodies, not against the virus infecting the person |
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| Why does mono make you so tired? |
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Definition
| Lymphocytes proliferate with cytokine signal from t cells - takes a lot of energy |
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| fate of b cells after infection by epstein-barr virus |
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Definition
| either because latent or are infected and proliferate |
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Term
| encephalitis viruses are most often transmitted by? |
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Definition
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| Eastern and Western Equine Encephalitis are what kind of viruses? |
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Definition
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| St. Louis and West Nile encephalitis are what kind of viruses? |
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Definition
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| Lacrosse Encephalitis is what kind of virus? |
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Definition
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| Most kinds of encephalitis are spread in what animal? |
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| ___ are a dead end host for encephalitis. meaning? |
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Definition
| humans - cant be transmitted FROM humans |
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Definition
| crosses blood-brain barrier and causes extensive damage, death, or permanent disability |
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| Bullet-shaped rhabdovirus causes what disease |
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Definition
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Definition
| mammals - transmitted to humans through their saliva |
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| Rabies proliferation and detection |
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Definition
| travels in axon to CNS and replicates there, takes months or years, produces Negri bodies (protein aggregate), anterograde transport to salivary glands... detected by corneal smear |
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| Why can the rabies vaccine be given AFTER the bite? |
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Definition
| because retrograde transport takes so long that the patient has time to build up antibodies |
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Term
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Definition
| vaccine and passive IgG (RIG) |
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Term
| life cycle of rabies virus |
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Definition
| neuron, anterograde (orthograde transport), replication in cell, enters saliva, transmission to new host, retrograde axonal transport, starts over |
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Term
| __ infects about 10% of the world's population, causing a death about every 30 sec |
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Definition
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| malaria is transmitted by? |
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| ___ causes the most serius malaria.. can effect brain causing cerebral malaria |
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| autotroph - sun (photoautotroph) or oxidation (chemoautotroph) |
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| heterotroph specializing in decomposition - release monomers needed by producers to start chain over |
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| oligotrophic bodies of water |
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Definition
| clear water, low productivity - desirable for large fish |
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| mesotrophic bodies of water |
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Definition
| increased production, accumulated organic matter, occasional algal bloom, good fishery |
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| eutrophic bodies of water |
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Definition
| very productive, may experience oxygen depletion, rough fish |
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Definition
| produced by microbes in dense culture, kill other microbes, kill same species to reduce overall cell density |
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Definition
| communication molecules - regulate gene transcription, biofilm formation, virulence factor production, etc |
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| components of flowing water |
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Definition
| rapid oxygenation, phototrophs, sheathed bacteria adhere to rocks = super biofilm |
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