Term
| what are proteins made up of? |
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Definition
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Term
| what 2 terminus does an amino acid have? |
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Definition
1. amine NH2
2. carboxy COOH |
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Term
| how does bacteria break down proteins? |
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Definition
| attacking either the amine or carboxy terminus |
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Term
| 4 characteristics of decarboxylation test |
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Definition
1. tests for attack on carboxy terminus
2. anaerobic conditions in a defined media with one amino acid
3. lowers pH of media
4. positive test=purple |
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Term
| 4 characteristics of phenylalanine deamination test |
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Definition
1. tests for attack on amine terminus of phenylalanine
2. deamination produces ammonia and phenylpyruvic acid
3. ferric chloride reacts with phenylpyruvic acid
4. positive test=dark green |
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Term
| 7 characteristics of urea hydrolysis |
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Definition
1. urea is produced by decarboxylation of amino acids within digestive tract
2. urease is used by bacteria to breakdown and metabolize urea
3. urea broth is a defined media with urea
4. is buffered-resists a change in pH
5. breakdown of urea causes pH to change and break buffer
6. pH rises and turns phenol red pink
7. positive test=pink |
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Term
| 4 characteristics of gelatin hydrolysis |
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Definition
1. connective tissues contain collagen
2. gelatin is derived from collagen
3. gelatinase breaks down gelatin
4. gelatinase positive=turns gelatin broth to liquid |
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Term
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Definition
| multi differential media which tests for sulfur reduction, indole production, motility |
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Term
| 2 characteristics of sulfur reduction in SIM medium |
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Definition
1. may be reduced by breakdown of amino acid cysteine or as a final electron acceptor
2. positive test=media turns black |
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Term
| 3 characteristics of indole production in SIM medium |
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Definition
1. tryptophan is broken down into pyruvate by tryptophanase
2. kovacs reagent is added
3. positive= kovacs reagent turns red |
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Term
| 2 characteristics of motility in SIM medium |
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Definition
1. only bacteria which are able to move will grow throughout culture
2. non motile will only grow in original stab |
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Term
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Definition
| the force that controls the flow of water from an area of high concentration to low concentration |
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Term
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Definition
| water moves into cell=low osmotic pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| water moves out of cell=high osmotic pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| water moves in both directions equally |
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Term
| define facultative halophiles |
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Definition
| bacteria that grow optimally at NaCl concentrations of >3% |
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Term
| define extreme halophiles |
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Definition
| bacteria that require salt concentrations of 15-25% |
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Term
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Definition
| a solution containing a weak acid and its salt or a weak base and its salt that resists changes in pH |
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Term
|
Definition
| shrinking of cell membrane because of loss of water and reduced turgor pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| grow in environments below 5.5 pH |
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Term
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Definition
| grow in environments between 5.5 and 8.5 pH |
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Term
|
Definition
| grow in environment above 8.5 pH |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| why is autoclaving the best method of control? |
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Definition
| it uses high heat and pressure to sterilize objects that are heat and moisture resistant |
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Term
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Definition
| longest wavelengths, 315-400nm |
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Term
|
Definition
| wavelengths between 280-315nm |
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Term
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Definition
| shortest wavelengths, 100-280nm |
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Term
| which uv light is the most dangerous? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the 3 common dilutions methods? |
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Definition
1. streak plate
2. pour plate
3. spread plate |
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Term
| what is the formula to calculate CFU(colony forming unit)? |
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Definition
| CFU/mL=# colonies/dilution X amt plated(mL) |
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Term
| what does a PEA test for? |
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Definition
selected media for gram+ by inhibiting growth of gram-
no growth=gram-
growth=gram+ |
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Term
| what does Sheep blood agar test for? |
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Definition
is undefined, differential and selective that allows growth of gram+
poor growth/no growth=no hemolysis, gram-
good growth with clearing=b-hemolytic
good growth with greening=a-hemolytic
good growth no color=y-hemolytic |
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Term
| what does MacConkey agar test for? |
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Definition
tests for lactose, gram-, selective for enterobacteria
growth=gram-
purple=ferments lactose
growth=enteric |
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Term
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Definition
gram-, lactose fermentation, sucrose fermentation
growth=gram-
green/purple=fermentation |
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Term
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Definition
isolates salmonella and shigella species and gram-
no growth=gram+
good growth=gram-
pink/orange=not shigella or salmonella
blue-green growth/black precipitate=salmonella
blue-green growth/no black=shigella or salmonella |
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Term
| define antimicrobial agents |
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Definition
| any substance that kills microorganisms, natural or synthetic |
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Term
|
Definition
| germicide used on surfaces or liquids |
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Term
|
Definition
| germicide used on living tissue |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| limits or slows growth of bacteria |
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Term
| define chemotherapeutic agents |
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Definition
| kills bacteria with chemicals |
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Term
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Definition
| bacteria that causes disease |
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Term
| define disk diffusion method |
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Definition
| measures effectiveness of antimicrobiotics against pathogenic microorganisms |
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Term
| define zones of inhibition |
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Definition
| a zone around the disk that depends on the sensitivity of the bacteria to the antimicrobial agent |
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