Term
| What are the first and second steps to identifying an unknown? |
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Definition
| obtain a pure culture, gram stain |
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Term
| 3 pieces of info that can be determined from a gram stain? |
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Definition
| gram reaction, cell shape, cell arrangement |
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Term
| What is the Bergey's manual and how is it useful in the identification process? |
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Definition
| classification system of bacteria |
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Term
| Why is the log phase the preferred phase of growth? |
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Definition
| old cultures of gram negative bacteria may appear as gram positive bacteria bc the nutrients have been used up |
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Term
| 4 genus that can fix nitrogen |
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Definition
| rhizobium, clostridium, azotobacter, cyanobacteria |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| organisms which live together in a particular environment |
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Term
| 2 enzymes that are involved in nitrogen fixation |
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Definition
| nitrogenase, transaminases |
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Term
| 3 types of symbiotic relationships |
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Definition
| commensalism - microorganism benefits, host neither benefits nor is harmed .. mutualism - a state in which both the host and the microorganism benefit .. parasitism - microorganism benefits, host is harmed |
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Term
| Rhizobium and legume plants have what kind of symbiotic relationship? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| 6 characteristics of staph |
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Definition
| cocci in irregular cultures, saprophytes and parasites of skin and mucus membranes, facultative anaerobes, tolerant of high NaCl, produce catalase, require B vitamins |
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Term
| Where are staph found in the body? |
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Definition
| skin, nasopharynx -- surface of human body |
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Term
| example of a staph that is pathogenic |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 non-pathogenic strains of staph |
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Definition
| epidermidis, saprophyticus |
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Term
| test to differentiate between pathogenic and nonpathogenic staph? |
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Definition
| coagulase pos = s. aureus |
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Term
| 4 diseases that are caused by staph aureaus |
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Definition
| wound infections, pneumonia, toxic shock syndrome, food poisoning |
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Term
| 7 characteristics of strep |
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Definition
| more fastidious, facultative anaerobes, saporophytes and parasites, ferment lactose, cells arranged in pairs or chains, no catalase, do not tolerate NaCl |
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Term
| 4 ways to distinguish strep from staph |
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Definition
| strep cells arranged in chains or pairs and are smaller and elongated, colonies exposed to air are diff, catalase not produced in strep, staph can tolerate salt |
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Term
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Definition
| reduce hemoglobin (red pigment) to methemoglobin (green pigment) |
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Term
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Definition
| completely lyse all blood cells - leaving the plate clear |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Hemolysins are intra/extracellular enzymes? |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ play a role in the virulence of the pathogenic organisms by aiding the infecting organism to escape some of the hosts protective mechanisms. Results in the organism being able to spread to the bloodstream. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ___ reaction distinguishes strep from staph. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ___ reaction distinguishes pathogenic from nonpathogenic staph |
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Definition
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Term
| How is the result of the mannitol fermentation test interpreted? |
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Definition
| turns yellow if mannitol is fermented - if it can tolerate salt |
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Term
| What is the correlation between the mannitol fermentation and coagulase test? |
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Definition
| catalase pos and mannitol fermenting are s. aureus |
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Term
| (Staph epidermidis, Staph saprophyticus) is sensitive to Novobiocin, whereas the other is resistant. |
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Definition
| epidermidis is sensitive -- positive result -- zone of inhibition |
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Term
| The ___ test is used to identify Group B strep |
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Definition
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Term
| the ___ test involves a hemolytic factor that enhances the hemolytic activity of staph aureus B-lysins. Pos test shows? |
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Definition
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Term
| __ test is used to identify group d strep |
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Definition
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Term
| bile-esculin hydrolysis test reaction |
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Definition
| eculin - B-D-glucose and esculetin |
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Term
| In the bile-esculin hydrolysis test, what 2 reactants react to form a gray precipitate? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is the bile-esculin test interperted? |
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Definition
| black color - positie - hydrolyzes esculin |
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Term
| Group __ strep is the only group resistant to salt |
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Definition
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Term
| 7 characteristics of enteric organisms |
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Definition
| gram negative, facultative anaerobes, oxidase-negative, catalase positive, non-spore forming, ferment glucose |
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Term
| 5 pathogenic enteric genuses and the diseases they cause |
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Definition
| salmonella - enteric fever (typhoid fever), shigella - dysentery, edwardsiella - gastroenteritis, yersinia - plague, vibrio - cholera |
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Term
| 2 opportunistic enteric pathogens |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 genuses that are found in UTIs but not GI tract infections |
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Definition
| Hafnia, morganella, providencia |
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Term
| 2 diseases caused by e. coli |
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Definition
| infant diarrhea and montezuma's revenge |
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Term
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Definition
| differentiate betwen pathogenic and non-psthogenic bacteria |
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Term
| 5 types of differential media and what each one differentiates |
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Definition
| TSI - each group of enteric species exhibitis a particular set of reactions, IMVIC test - differentiation of genera amoung the family of enterobacteriaceace, MacConkey agar - lactose fermentation, Bile-esculin agar - esculin hydrolysis, MSA - mannitol fermentation |
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Term
| 2 media that are both selective and differential |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 kinds of selective media |
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Definition
| EMB agar - allows growth of gram neg .. MSA agar - allows growth of staph ... Selenite broth - allows growth of salmonella species |
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Term
| A yellow butt on TSI agar slant inducates? |
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Definition
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Term
| a yellow slant on TSI agar indicates? |
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Definition
| lactose/sucrose fermentation |
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Term
| All enterics ferment ___. |
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Definition
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