Term
| Counts all cells alive and dead, using a hemocytometer |
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Definition
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Term
| counts only living cells that can form colonies on agar plates |
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Definition
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Term
| Based on the principle that the greater number of cells in the population, the greater the amount of light scattered by the sample. |
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Definition
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Term
| Estimate the weight of cells rather than the number. Measures all cells, living and dead. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The number of organisms per milliliter of liquid culture or suspension. |
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Term
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Definition
T=DNP
D= dilution factor (1/(1/dilution factor))
N=number of colonies
P=plating factor (1/volume plated) |
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Term
| What assumption is the standard plate count based on? |
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Definition
| That each colony arose from a single bacterium. |
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Term
| What is considered to be a countable plate? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Which produces more energy? oxidative phosphorylation or substrate level phosphorylation |
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Definition
| oxidative - therefore, those colonies on top of agar grow better than those within agar |
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Term
| Microaerophiles need an O2 concentration of? |
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Definition
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Term
| Culturing organisms in fluid thioglycollate medium utilizes ___ gradient. |
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Definition
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Term
| Why does fluid thioglycollate contain reducing agents? |
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Definition
| Reduces diffusion rates, so oxygen cannot penetrate into the media readily -- establishes oxygen gradient. |
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Term
| Fluid thioglycollate medium contains __% agar, which is enough to solidify the media. |
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Definition
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Term
| The resazurin in fluid thioglycollate medium turns ___ if O2 is present and ___ if it is absent. |
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Definition
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Term
| End products of respiration |
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Definition
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Term
| __ is the oxidation of organic or inorganic molecules in which electrons are moved through the electron transport chain to a final inorganic TEA. |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ usually occurs under anaerobic conditions and involves the breakdown of organic compounds. |
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Definition
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Term
| Sugar fermentation broths contain a pH indicator called ____. It turns from ___ at pH 7 to ___ at pH 6 and below. |
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Definition
| Bromothymol blue :: green :: yellow |
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Term
| A positive indication of sugar fermentation is a __ color, whereas a negative indication of sugar fermentation is a __ color. |
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Definition
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Term
| A positive citrate test indicates production of ___. This implies that the test is based on ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| What indicator is used in the citrate utilization test? |
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Definition
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Term
| Fermentation tests are based on? |
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Definition
| Acid production (measured by change in pH) |
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Term
| What 3 things does the indole test detect? |
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Definition
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Term
| What medium is used for the indole test? |
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Definition
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Term
| What reagents are added to the indole tests? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are the results of an indole test interpreted? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the methyl red test detect? |
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Definition
| strong acid production from fermentation |
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Term
| the result of this test is based on a change in -H |
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Definition
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Term
| What medium is used for the methyl red test? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are the results of the methyl red test interpreted? |
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Definition
| immediate formation of a red color |
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Term
| What enzyme catalyzes the reaction of formate to CO2 and H2? |
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Definition
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Term
| What organisms can be distinguished with the MR test? |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 characteristics of the MR test |
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Definition
| large amounts of lactic acid, succinic and acetic acid are produced :: a small quantity of ethanol is produced :: a relatively small amount of gas is prodcued from formic dehydrogenase |
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Term
| The acid:alcohol ratio in the MR test is relatively ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the VP test detect? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are the results of the VP test interpreted? |
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Definition
| Red color = positive result |
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Term
| 2 characteristics of the VP test |
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Definition
| Alcohols produced in larger amounts than acids because of butanediol production :: a large amount of gas is produced |
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Term
| What does the Cyt C oxidase test detect? |
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Definition
| The presence of Cyt c in the electron transport chain. |
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Term
| What medium is used in the oxidase test? |
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Definition
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Term
| What dye is used in the oxidase test and why? |
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Definition
| p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride - forms dark blue color if cyt c is present |
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Term
| How are the results of the oxidase test interpreted? |
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Definition
| Pos - color change w/in first 30 sec |
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Term
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Definition
| hemoproteins transferring electrons to electron acceptors such as oxygen |
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Term
| What is detected in the catalase test? |
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Definition
| Catalase - apparent when hydrogen peroxide is converted to H2O and O2 (bubbles) |
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Term
| What reaction does superoxide dismutase catalyze? |
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Definition
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Term
| What reaction does catalase catalyze? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which 3 general types of organisms are able to produce catalase? |
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Definition
| aerobes, facultative anaerobes and microaerophiles |
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Term
| What medium is used for the catalase test? |
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Definition
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Term
| What reagent is used in the catalase test? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are the results of the catalase test interpreted? |
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Definition
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Term
| What 2 things does the urease test detect? |
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Definition
| Breakdown of urea into ammonium and CO2 |
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Term
| What indicator is used for the urease test? |
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Definition
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Term
| What medium is used for the urease test? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are the results of the urease test interpreted? |
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Definition
| Change from peachy to hot pink = pos |
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Term
| What 2 things does the cysteine desulferase test detect? |
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Definition
| hydrogen disulfide production :: iron sulfide |
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Term
| The cysteine desulferase test involves breakdown of what amino acid? |
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Definition
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Term
| A positive result of the cysteine desulfurase tes is indicated by the present of a dark precipitate called ____. What 2 substrates react to form this? |
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Definition
| Ferrous sulfide :: hydrogen sulfide and ferrous sulfate |
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Term
| what medium is used for the cysteine desulferase test? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are the results of the cysteine desulferase test interpreted? |
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Definition
| a dark precipitate = pos for H2S production |
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Term
| What 4 tests utilize a pH indicator? |
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Definition
| urease :: VP :: Citrate :: ?? |
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Term
| 2NH2 + CO --> 2NH4 + CO :: this reaction is catalyzed by? |
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Definition
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