Term
| How do you calculate TM of a scope? |
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Definition
TM= total magnification
Multiply magnification of lens by 10 (magnification of eye pieces)
Answers: 40x, 100x, 400x, or 1000x (oil) |
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Term
| What are some safety features of the lab? |
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Definition
1. wear lab coat
2. no food or drink
3. wash hands
4. clean tables with bacdown
5. dispose in proper containers (biohazard or glass box)
6. place all items in cubbies |
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Term
What color is a gram positive reaction?
What color is a gram negative reaction? |
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Definition
Postive= purple
Negative= pink/red |
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Term
| What allows for gram positive to stain purple? |
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Definition
| Crystal violet dye is retained by the thick layer of peptidoglycan in the outer layer of the cell |
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Term
| What allows for a gram negative cell to stain pink/red? |
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Definition
| There's a thin peptidoglycan layer which doesn't retain the crystal violet due to the addition of alcohol so the safranin counterstains it pink |
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Term
| What are the different cell morphologys? |
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Definition
Coccus (spherical)
Bacillus (rods)
Vibrio (boomerang shape)
Spirillum (wavey)
Spirochete (spiral)
pleomorphic (no definite shape) |
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Term
| What are the different cellular arrangements? |
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Definition
Singular
Diplococcus (pair of spheres)
Diplobaccilus (pair of rods)
Tetrads (4 cocci in a square)
Staphylococcus (random or grapelike bunch)
Streptococcus (chain)
Steptobacillus (chain)
Sacrina (cube of 8 cells) |
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Term
| What are the steps for Gram reaction? |
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Definition
1. Fixation (place plate over Bunsen burner)
2. Crystal Violet
3. Iodine
4. Alcohol/decolorization
5. Safranin/counter stain |
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Term
| What are the color changes in Gram Positive cells during gram staining? What occurs at each step? |
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Definition
1. Crystal violet: Cell wall affixes dye. Turns Purple
2. Iodine: Dye is trapped in the wall. Stays purple
3. Alcohol: Dye remains in cell wall. Stays Purple
4. Safranin: No effect
End color: PURPLE |
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Term
What are the color changes in Gram Negative cells during gram staining? What occurs at each step? |
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Definition
1. Crystal Violet: cell wall affixes to dye. Turns purple
2. Iodine: no effect. Stays purple
3. Alcohol: outer membrane is weakened and wall loses dye. Turns clear
4. Safranin: Dye stains
End color: RED/PINK |
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