Term
| What are 2 families of Spirochaetales; what does each genus of those families contain? |
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Definition
Leptospiraceae family: Leptospira
Spirochaetaceae family: Borrelia and Treponema.
These 3 include causative agents of disease such as syphilis, zoonotic diseases (such as leptospirosis), vector-borne diseases such as Lyme, and replapsing fever. |
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Term
| How do spirochetes move? (what structure specifically?) |
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Definition
| Motion is via fibrils, known as "periplasmic flagella") (other terms include axial fibrils, axial filaments, endoflagella, and periplasmic fibrils) |
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Term
What is leptospira called when it comes severe/systemic?
What are characteristic symptoms? |
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Definition
Well's Disease
Symptoms: renal & heptaic failure, intravascular disease |
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Term
| What are acceptable specimens during the first week of leptospirosis? |
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Definition
Blood
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) |
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Term
| What medium is used to grown leptospires in the lab? |
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Definition
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Term
| What antibiotics are Leptospires susceptible to? |
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Definition
Streptomycin
tetracycline
doxycycline
Macrolide antimicrobics in vitro |
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Term
| What diseases does Borrelia spp cause? |
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Definition
Relapsing Fever
Lyme Disease |
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Term
| What symptoms does Borrelia recurrentis cause? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are Borrelia organisms transmitted to the host? |
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Definition
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Term
| What drug is used for treating borrelia infections? |
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Definition
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Term
| What diseases are produced by Treponema? |
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Definition
Syphilis
Yaws
Endemic Syphilis
Pinta |
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Term
What are the symptoms of secondary syphillis?
When are they seen?
Where is the unusual rash seen? |
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Definition
Symptoms: fever, sore throat, generalized lymphadenopathy, headache, rash.
Seen Approx 2-12 weeks after development of primary lesion.
Rash occurs on palms and soles. |
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Term
When does tertiary syphilis occur?
What are the symptoms? |
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Definition
Occurs decades later.
Symptoms: development of granulomatous lesions (gummas) in skin, bones, liver (benign tertiary syphilis); degenerative changes in CNS (neurosyphilis); syphilitic cardiovascular lesions (aortitis and aortic valve insufficiency) |
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Term
| How is congenital syphilis transmitted? |
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Definition
| From an infected mom to the fetus via placenta |
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Term
| What are the symptoms of early-onset syphilis? |
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Definition
Muco-cutaneous lesions
osteochondritis
anemia
hepatosplenomegaly
CNS involvement |
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Term
| What is the primary method used for the lab diagnosis of syphilis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the drug used to treat syphilis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What organisms are considered obligate intracellular parasites? |
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Definition
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Term
| What conditions in humans is Chlamydia trachomatis associated with? |
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Definition
Trachoma: chronic eye infection
Lynphogranuloma Venereum (LGV).
Other urogenital diseases: trachomatis infections in men including nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) epididymitis, prostatitis
(LGV enter lymph nodes near genital trace producing strong inflammatory response that results in bubo formation and rupture of lymph node) |
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Term
What are the symptoms of Trachoma?
How does it enter the body?
What does it do in the lymph? |
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Definition
Symptoms: chronic infection resulting in scarring and continual abrasion of the cornea as eyelid turns downward toward cornea
Enters the body through lymph nodes near genital tract
It ruptures the lymph node. |
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Term
| What are the urogenital infections in men produced by chlamydia? |
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Definition
| Nongonococcal urethritis (NGU), epididymitis, prostatitis |
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Term
| What conditions does Chlamydia trachmatis produce in adult women? |
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Definition
Urethritis
follicular cervicitis (leucorrhea hypertrophic cervical erosion), endometritis,
proctitis,
salpingitis,
PID,
perihepatitis |
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Term
| What chlamydial infections can infants contract while passing thru birth canal? |
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Definition
Conjunctivitis
Nasopharyngeal infections
Pneumonia |
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Term
| What organism is established as a risk factor for Guillain-Barre syndrome? |
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Definition
| Chlamydophila (chlamydia) pneumoniae |
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Term
| What testing method is the method of choice for detecting antibodies to Chlamydia pneumoniae? |
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Definition
Serologic tests
micro-IF assay |
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Term
| What disease does Chlamydia psittaci cause in humans? |
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Definition
| Ornithosis (parrot fever) |
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Term
How are mycoplasmas different from other bacteria?
What do they lack? |
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Definition
| They are pleomorphic organisms that do not possess a cell wall, which makes them resistant to cell-wall-active antibiotics such as penicillins and sephalosporins |
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Term
| What disease causes the condition Primary Atypical pneumonia? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the at-risk groups for contracting walking pneumonia? |
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Definition
School age children
Young Adults |
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Term
| What happens when Mycoplasma hominis invades the upper genitourinary tract? |
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Definition
Causes salpingitis
pyelonephritis
PID
Post-partum fevers |
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Term
What is U. Urealyticum associated with?
What patient population has it been recovered from? |
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Definition
Associated with 10% of NGU cases in men; upper female GU tract disorders; recovered from 60% of normal sexually active females.
Associated w/reproduction disorders, chorioamnionitis, congenital pneumonia, development of chronic lung diseases in premature infants. |
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Term
| What is extreme care needed when transporting Mycoplasma cultures in the lab? What happens because of the lack of cell wall? |
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Definition
| Lack of cell wall makes them sensitive to drying out quickly. |
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Term
| What are the timeframes suitable for blood draws to diagnose Mycoplasma? |
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Definition
| Onset of symptoms, then 2-3 weeks later |
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Term
| What are the antibiotics used to treat mycoplasma infections? |
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Definition
| Tetracyclines, newer fluoroquinolones, macrolides (ie erythromycin) |
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