Term
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Definition
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Term
| Who was the first to observe live microorganisms? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who developed the vaccine for anthrax and rabies? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The decomposition of complex substances through the actions of enzymes |
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Term
| Major achievements of Robert Koch |
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Definition
| Developed an experimental procedures that could be used to prove that a specific microorganism is a cause of the specific infectious disease. |
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Term
| Who proposed the theory of biogenesis? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
The material from which all of the universe is made.
Anything that takes up space |
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Term
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Definition
| The substance that makes up all matter |
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Term
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Definition
| Building blocks of elements made up of particles Protons, neutrons, and electrons |
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Term
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Definition
| the combination of two or more atoms of the same elements |
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Term
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Definition
| molecules that contains the element carbon |
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Term
| Building blocks of carbohydrates |
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Definition
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Term
| Monosacchrides and an example |
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Definition
the simplest carb.
Such as glucose |
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Term
| Polysacchrides and an example |
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Definition
Complex carbohydrates
Such as starch and glycogen |
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Term
| Building blocks of lipids |
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Definition
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Term
| Composition of Cell membrane |
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Definition
| Two layers of phospholipids |
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Term
| Building blocks of proteins |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Chemical bonds that join the carboxyl group of one amino acid to another.
*Chemical bonds connecting amino acids |
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Term
| What elements are found in proteins? |
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Definition
| Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen. |
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Term
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Definition
| largest group of proteins, which act as catalysts for crucial chemical reactions. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Building blocks of DNA and their composition |
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Definition
DNA nucleotides made up of a nitrogenous base, pentose and a phosphate group.
+ |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Primitive bacterial cell with no nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
| Cellular structure responsible for protein production |
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Term
| How does erythromycin kill bacteria |
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Definition
| by inhibiting protein synthesis |
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Term
| Chemical composition of bacterial cell wall |
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Definition
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Term
| How does penicillin kill bacteria |
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Definition
| Interfers with peptidoglycan biosynthesis, weakening the cell wall. |
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Term
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Definition
| Thick protective covering around certain bacteria and fungi. Makes them highly resistant to dangerous environment. |
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Term
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Definition
| condition in which living pathogens and spores are absent |
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Term
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Definition
| The presence of pathogens or their toxins in the bloodstream. |
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Term
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Definition
| The increased ability for an organism to produce an infection |
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Term
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Definition
| small circular molecules of DNA that are not part of the chromosomal DNA. Holds information about antibiotic. |
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Term
| Name of bacterial asexual reproduction |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Bean shaped cocci is called |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is gonococci a virulent bacteria? |
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Definition
| polysaccharide capsule and fimbriae |
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Term
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Definition
| Berry-shaped bacteria found as long twisted chains. |
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Term
| Indigenous flora of the mouth |
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Definition
| Various species of a-hemolytic stretptococci |
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Term
| Common cause of pneumonia in the world |
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Definition
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Term
| Endocarditis and glomerulonenephritis |
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Definition
| inflammation of the membranes lining the cavities of the heart; inflammation of the filtration units of the kidney |
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Term
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Definition
| bacteria arranged in groups or clusters |
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Term
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Definition
| Methicillin- resistant staphylococcus aureus |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Why are bacilli the most dangerous bacteria? |
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Definition
| they produce spores and toxins |
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Term
| Why is bacillus used as an agent of bioterrorism? |
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Definition
| Causes fatal infections due to the production of spores and toxins |
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Term
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Definition
| B.anthracis, C.botulinum, V.major, and Y.pestis |
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Term
Fatal infection caused by introduction of spores through contaminated puncture wound?
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Curved rod with flagellum; causes cholera |
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Term
| Curved rod that causes stomach ulcers or cancer? |
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Definition
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Term
| Penile lesion that is associated with primary syphilis |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Vector for rocky mountain spotted fever |
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Definition
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Term
| The six components of the chain of infection |
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Definition
| Pathogen, reservoirs, portal of exit, means of transmission portal of entry, and susceptible host |
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Term
| Examples of atypical bacteria |
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Definition
| Chlamydia, rickettsia. and mycoplasma |
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Term
| Infectious agent that is visible only using electron microscope |
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Definition
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Term
| Viruses that exist outside their host cells |
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Definition
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Term
| Core structure of any virus |
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Definition
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Term
| Virus that has a bacterial host |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Which cells of the immune system are infected by HIV virus? |
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Definition
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Term
| Port of entry of HIV virus |
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Definition
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Term
| Important white blood count used to confirm HIV infection |
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Definition
| CD4 positive helper T-cells |
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Term
| 2nd and 3rd phases of the HIV infection |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| biochemical signals alerting healthy cells of virus. It activates antiviral proteins. |
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Term
| Protozoan's organs of movement |
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Definition
| Pseudopodia. flagellum and cilia |
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Term
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Definition
| Severe infection of the colon |
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Term
| Most common intestinal parasite in the US |
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Definition
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Term
| Life form of parasites found in the feces of chronically infected person |
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Definition
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Term
| Common route of transmission of the intestinal parasites |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What blood cells are infected by the malaria parasite |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Female anopheles mosquito |
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Term
| Laboratory diagnosis for malaria |
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Definition
| microscopic obervationn of bloodsmears for presence of plasmodium |
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Term
| Vector for Trypanosome Gambians |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Vector for chagas disease |
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Definition
| reduviid bugs (kissing bugs) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Protozoan opportunitic pathogen |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Yeasts, mold, and mushrooms |
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Term
| Fungi that are decomposing dead matter |
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Definition
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Term
| Fungi that changes sugar in carbon dioxide and alcohol in the obsence of oxygen |
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Definition
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Term
| asexual reproduction of yeast |
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Definition
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Term
| Harmful activity of yeast |
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Definition
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Term
| yeast that is normal flora of the mouth, throat, and vagina |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Why is penicillium notatum a beneficial mold |
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Definition
| can produce the antibiotic penicillin |
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Term
| Who discovered penicillin? |
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Definition
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Term
| Skin mycosis caused by Tinea |
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Definition
| Athletes foot & ring worm |
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Term
| Ringworm and Athletes foot are examples of what type of fungal infection? |
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Definition
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Term
| Fungi that causes deep-seated pulmonary infection |
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Definition
| Aspergillius fumigatus and histoplasmosis |
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Term
| Fungus that causes the CNS infection and meningitis |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
General defense against a variety of invaders.
or
Physical or mechanical barrier |
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Term
| Parts of the first line of Nonspecific defense |
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Definition
| Skin, mucous membranes, secretions |
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Term
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Definition
| nonspecific cellular and chemical responses |
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Term
| Parts of the second line of nonspecific defense |
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Definition
| Transferrin, interferons, the complement system, phagocytosis, and cytokines |
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Term
| What are cytokines, transferrin, compliment and their functions? |
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Definition
| Chemical warfare design to assist in killing or killing pathogens |
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Term
| Types and functions of Interferons |
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Definition
| alpha, beta, and gamma interferonns. They interfere with viral replication |
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Term
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Definition
| Body's normal response to local injury, irritation, microbial invasion or bacterial toxin by a complex series of events. |
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Term
| Four cardinal signs of inflammation |
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Definition
| Redness, heat, swelling (edema), and pain. |
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Term
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Definition
| Engulfing and digesting antigens/pathogens |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| The most numerous, active or professional phagocytes |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of WBC will be increased in parasitic infections |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A foreign substance that stimulates the production of antibodies |
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Term
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Definition
| major histocompatibility complex- the mechanism for recognizing components that belong to the organism itself |
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Term
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Definition
| Antigen on the surface of body cells |
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Term
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Definition
a glycoprotein produced by lymphocytes in responseto the presence of an antigen.
Also known as immunoglobins |
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Term
| Cells of immune or lymphatic system |
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Definition
| Lymphocytes T and B cells |
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Term
| Cytotoxin T cells and their functions |
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Definition
| Kills cells on contact that are stimulated by wandering macrophages |
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Term
| Cellular or cell mediated immunity |
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Definition
| Immunity provided by Tcells that attack antigen/pathogen directly |
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Term
| Chemical produced by T Helper cells |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of lymphocytes produces antibodies |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Humoral immunity? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The condition of being immune. Resistance to a certain disease. |
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Term
What type of immunity is provided by breast milk?
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Definition
| Natural passive aquried immunity |
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Term
| Anaphylaxis and anaphylactic shock |
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Definition
| a severe allergic reaction to an allergen which results in a stimulation of massive histamine which decreases the blood pressure and causes cardiovascular shock. If untreated, pt can go into cardiac arrest and die. |
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