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Micro Final
Lecture 25
22
Microbiology
Undergraduate 3
12/10/2012

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Term
Cystitis
(Urinary System infection)
Definition
Inflammation of the bladder
-Abrupt onset, burning cloudy sometimes bloody urine
-Caused frequently by E. Coli
-Also caused by blockage to congenitally short urethra
-often called Honey Mooner's disease
Term
Bacterial Vaginosis
(Non-Venereal Genital System Disease)
Definition
normal flora are disturbed and an irritating infection results
Term
Canididiasis
(Non-Venereal Genital System Disease)
Definition
-a yeast infection
-discharge, irritation
-readily treated, low transmissibility
-Caused candida albicans
Term
Staphylococcal Toxic Shock
(non-venereal genital system diseases)
Definition
-avoided by frequent replacement of tampons
-non transmittable
Term
Gonorrhea
(Bacterial)
Definition
-2nd most prevalent bacterial STD
-gram negative diplococcus
-neisseria gonorrhoeae
-developing antibiotic resistance
-human to human transmission
-yellow/green discharge and painful urination
-incubates 2-5 days
Complications:
women: PID, sterility
men: prostate disease, sterility
-blindness in babies erythremycin given immediately
Term
Chlamydia
(Bacterial)
Definition
-#1 most prevalent bacterial infection
-mimics gonorrhea
-urithritis, discharge
-hard to diagnose, easy to treat with antibiotics
-incubates 7-14 days
-whitish discharge
Complications:
Women:PID and sterility
Men:sterility
Term
Syphilis
(bacterial)
Definition
"Great Immitator"
-mimics many diseases
-Treponema pallidum
-slender, motile spirochete
-human-human transmission
-readily penetrates mucous membrane
3 stages
-primary= painless hard chancre-open sore at site of entry
-secondary=rash, disseminated bacteria throughout body (transmitted in this phase)
-tertiary=hypersensitivity-widespread tissue destruction (gummes form)
-easily treated in begining stages
-slightly more prevelant in homosexual populations
Term
Chancroid
(Bacterial)
Definition
-Soft chancre
-Haemophilus ducreyi
-small gram negative fastidious rod
-often involves inguinal lymph nodes, swells, ruptures, drains
-lesions thought to increase likelihood of HIV transmission
Term
Genital Herpes Simplex
(Viral)
Definition
-70% of people with the disease got it from someone who did not have an outbreak
-Herpes Type 2
-blister like lesions on genetalia
-recurrence upt to 4 times/year
Complications:
-infection of fetus or new born, c-section advised
-increased risk of cervical cancer
Treatment: topical acyclovir for symptomatic relief along with pep smears to monitor changes
25% of sexually active females have it
20% of sexually active men
Term
Human Papilloma Virus
(Viral)
Definition
-Geniatl warts and cervical cancer
-most common sexually transmitted disease
-Can clear virus in 2 years, often goes undetected
-Warts may be obvious lesions or microscopic epithelial changes
-over 80+ wart virues, 30+ are sexually transmitted
-15+ are strongly associated with cervical and other cancers
Term
Molluscum contagiosum
(Viral)
Definition
-Pox Virus
-Benign infection- childhood infection but sexually transmitted in adults
-small red bumps with dimple in center, can appear on genitals, thighs and buttocks
-Usually resolves in 6-12 months but may take years
-Lesions can be frozen off, but new bumps appear every 2 weeks
-treatment:imiquimod
Term
HIV/AIDs
(Viral)
Definition
-Enveloped
-Most important STD of the 20th century
-6 days to 6 weeks after infection have flu-like symptoms
-Can incubate for up to 10 years
-causes immunodeficiency- destruction of T-helper cells prevents body from combating oppurtunists such as pneumocyts, mycobacteria, and fungal agents
Transmission by sexual contact, contaminated needles, mother-child at birth
-Treatment helps lower virus load and prolong life
Term
Trichomoniasis
(Protozoan)
Definition
-Unicellular parasites
-infected men are asymptomatic
-woman have yellow/green frothy vaginal discharge
irritation
-many asymptomatic carriers
Term
Hepatitus A
(Viral)
Definition
Acute
oral/fecal route
vaccine available
Term
Hepatitus B
(Viral)
Definition
Chronic, but acute to begin with
blood and sexually transmitted
vaccine available (health workers get it)
Term
Hepatitus C
(Viral)
Definition
Chronic
blood and sexually transmitted
leads to liver failure
Term
Hepatitus E
(viral)
Definition
Acute
oral/fecal route
no vaccine
Term
Kuru
(prion disease)
Definition
Found in Papau New Guinea
"laughing disease"
found in canabalistic communities in mainky women and children who often ate the brain and spinal cord
Term
Scrapie
(prion)
Definition
-found in sheep
-scrape themselves along fences
Term
Mad Cow
(prion)
Definition
Cows get the disease when they ingest material from sheep with scrapie
-can't control motor functions
Term
Creutzfeld-Jakob
(prion)
Definition
-"Mad Cow in humans"
-In the UK they mixed offal or organ meat with their hamburger meat
Term
Chronic Wasting disease
(prion)
Definition
-found in late 1960's
-Prevalent in Elk and Deer in Colorado
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