Term
| What are the 6 families of DNA viruses? |
|
Definition
| Parvo, papo, adeno, herpes, pox, hepadna |
|
|
Term
| What is the smallest DNA virus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What virus causes "slapped cheek fever"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the major parvovirus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are parvoviruses (B19) spread? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What virus causes Erythema Infectiosum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the pathogenesis of Parvovirus? |
|
Definition
Targets erythroid precursors
Binds to P antigen
-Febrile Stage (Infectious)
-Symptomatic Stage(Rash, arthralgia) |
|
|
Term
| What problem is caused by anemic patients being infected by parvovirus? |
|
Definition
Aplastic crisis- RBC precursors are depleted and RBC lifespan is shortened
-especially sickle cell patients |
|
|
Term
| What are 3 ways that B19 is spread and at what age is infection most common? |
|
Definition
Respiratory secretions,
Oral Secretions,
Across the placenta
Children 4-15 |
|
|
Term
| Describe the clinical syndromes of B19 in children and adults: |
|
Definition
Children: fever, sore throat, malaise, slapped cheek rash that extends to extremities
Adults: arthralgia, arthritis, vasculitis |
|
|
Term
| What are the effects of B19 on pregnant women? |
|
Definition
| Crosses placenta; severe hypoxic damage to heart, liver, and other tissues leading to edema and FETAL HYDROPS; stillbirth if fetus is too anemic |
|
|
Term
| What disease can B19 be confused with in pregnant women? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common papovavirus, and what are the two lesser papovaviruses? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the structure of the B19 (parvovirus)virus? |
|
Definition
| Single Stranded DNA; NAKED; Icosahedral |
|
|
Term
| What is the structure of Papovaviruses? |
|
Definition
| Double Stranded DNA; NAKED; Icosahedral |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Plantar WARTS, papillomatous WARTS, laryngeal papillomas, genital WARTS, cervical cancer |
|
|
Term
| How does HPV enter the skin and how long does it take to develop? |
|
Definition
| Breaks in skin or mucous membranes; 3-4 months |
|
|
Term
| What effect does HPV have on cell growth? |
|
Definition
| STIMULATORY: Thickening of basal and prickle layers and stratum granulosum |
|
|
Term
| What are the most common wart-causing strains of HPV? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What virus can cause head and neck tumors (oral and laryngeal papillomas)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Condylomata Acuminata? |
|
Definition
Ano/genital warts caused by HPV on the external genitals and perianal regions
-90% are HPV 6 and 11
-HPV 16 and 18 are associated with cervical cancer |
|
|
Term
| What causes cervical dysplasia and neoplasia, and what shows up on the pap smear in this case? |
|
Definition
| HPV 16 and 18; KOILOCYTIC CELLS (perinuclear cytoplasmic vacuolization) |
|
|
Term
| What are the treatments for symptomatic HPV? |
|
Definition
| Cryotherapy, electrocautery, chemical means and interferon |
|
|
Term
| What is BK virus and in what patient population do you see it? |
|
Definition
| Hemorrhagic cystitis in renal and bone marrow transplant patients |
|
|
Term
| What is JC virus and in what patient population do you see it? |
|
Definition
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML); DEGENERATIVE BRAIN DISEASE;
Immunocompromised Patients |
|
|
Term
| What is the structure of adenoviruses? |
|
Definition
Double Stranded DNA; NAKED
PENTON FIBERS PENTON FIBERS PENTON FIBERS
PENTON FIBERS PENTON FIBERS PENTON FIBERS |
|
|
Term
| What cells are attacked by adenovirus? |
|
Definition
| Epithelial cells lining oropharynx, resp. tract and enterics |
|
|
Term
| Where can adenovirus become latent? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the common ways that adenovirus is spread? |
|
Definition
| Fecal/oral; fingers; fomites; SWIMMING POOLS; classrooms; military |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common clinical presentation of adenovirus? |
|
Definition
| Pink eye with pharyngitis- MIMICS STREP THROAT |
|
|
Term
| What is the common clinical presentation of adenovirus in military recruits? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What clinical syndromes are associated with adenovirus? |
|
Definition
Pink eye, pharyngitis, acute respiratory tract disease, laryngitis, croup, viral pneumonia
HOLY CRAP
epidemic keratoconjunctivitis, diarrhea, acute hemorrhagic cystitis, hematuria in young boys, genital and skin infections |
|
|
Term
| How is adenovirus diagnosed? |
|
Definition
| ELISA, PCR, Fluoro Antibody Test |
|
|
Term
| What kind of vaccine is available for adenovirus? |
|
Definition
| Live, oral, NON-ATTENUATED |
|
|
Term
| What is the structure of the poxviruses? |
|
Definition
LARGE, COMPLEX, LINEAR
Double-Stranded DNA; REPLICATES IN CYTOPLASM |
|
|
Term
| How is smallpox (variola major) spread? |
|
Definition
Inhalation: virus enters upper respiratory tract and disseminates via lymphatics= VIREMIA (5-17 day incubation period)
-after secondary viremia, the virus infects all dermal tissues and organs |
|
|
Term
| How does the rash distribution differ between smallpox and chickenpox? |
|
Definition
| Smallpox are generally distributed more DISTALLY on the LIMBS and face; whereas chickenpox are distributed more PROXIMALLY on the trunk |
|
|
Term
| What are complications of the smallpox vaccine? |
|
Definition
| Encephalitis, progressive infections |
|
|
Term
| Where does Orf come from, and how does it present? |
|
Definition
| Pox virus of sheep and goats; single nodular lesion at the point of contact that MAY BE MISTAKEN FOR CUTANEOUS ANTHRAX |
|
|
Term
| Where does Monkeypox come from, and how does it present? |
|
Definition
Infected prairie dogs; similar to smallpox but MILDER and SWOLLEN LYMPH NODES
PRAIRIE DOGS, PRAIRIE DOGS, PRAIRIE DOGS |
|
|
Term
| What is Molluscum Contagiosum? |
|
Definition
A pox virus spread by contact
Typically an STD or in WRESTLERS |
|
|
Term
| How does Molluscum Contagiosum present? |
|
Definition
Nodular to wart-like lesions most commonly on trunk, genitalia, and extremities
-2-8 week incubation
CLUSTER OF 5-20 NODULES |
|
|
Term
| How is Molluscum Contagiosum diagnosed? |
|
Definition
| CYTOPLASMIC INCLUSIONS IN EPITHELIAL CELLS |
|
|
Term
| How is Molluscum Contagiosum treated? |
|
Definition
| Curettage; liquid nitrogen |
|
|
Term
| What is the structure of HBV (Hepatitis B Virus)? |
|
Definition
Small, enveloped DNA virus-
PARTIALLY double stranded- uses a reverse transcriptase and RNA intermediate during replication |
|
|
Term
| Where does hepatitis B replicate initially? |
|
Definition
| In hepatocytes, without causing damage |
|
|
Term
| From the liver, where does hepatitis B go? |
|
Definition
| It can cause viremia and spread to saliva, semen, blood, vaginal secretions, and MOTHER'S MILK |
|
|
Term
| How is Hepatitis B spread? |
|
Definition
| Sexual contact, blood, or perinatal |
|
|
Term
| What type of cancer is caused by Hepatitis B virus? |
|
Definition
| Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical symptoms of Hepatitis B virus in the acute stage? |
|
Definition
PRODROME: fever, malaise, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain
ICTERIC STAGE: Jaundice, dark urine, pale stools
FULMINANT: Severe liver damage and bleeding (1%)
TYPE III Hypersensitivity because of HBsAG and Ab |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical symptoms of Hepatitis B virus in the chronic stage? |
|
Definition
| Increased liver enzymes, cirrhosis, liver failure, Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma (PHC) |
|
|
