Term
What is a fungus?
- Eukaryote or pro? what does it have?
- comparison to bacteria?
- cell wall or not? where is ergosterol?
- what is the difference between fungus and algae?
- how does it reproduce
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Definition
- eukaryotic (nuclear membrane, organelles)
- larger, more complex than bacteria
- has cell wall
- ergosterol in cell membrane
- lack chlorophyll (dif from algae)
- reproduce asexually and sexually
- biochemically distinct pathways
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Term
| What is classification of fungus based on? |
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Definition
| structures formed during sexual reproduction (however if sexual reproduction is indistinguishable they have a second name!) |
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Term
| Are most species of fungus harmful or harmless? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of fungi makes up many human pathogens? Why do they get this name? |
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Definition
deuteromycetes
class of fungi that do not form sexual structures
other fungal groups also contain pathogens though
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Term
| Are yeasts single celled or multicelled? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| elongated yeast that forms chains of cells |
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Term
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Definition
reproduce by budding to form daughter cells or blastospores
some yeast are commensal |
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Term
| Are yeast gram positive or gram negative? |
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Definition
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Term
| Are moulds multicellular or single cellular? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of structures do moulds form? What do groups of hyphae form? |
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Definition
tubular structures called hyphae
- cross walls = septate
- lack cross walls = aseptate
many hyphae form a mycelium |
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Term
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Definition
| specialized structures of moulds that produce asexual spores AKA conidia |
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Term
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Definition
| when hyphae fragment to form spores in moulds |
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Term
| What is identification of mould species based off of? |
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Definition
| morphology of structures formed during reproduction |
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Term
| What are dimorphic fungi? |
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Definition
fungi that behave as yeasts or moulds
include several systemic pathogens!
geographically limited in distribution! |
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Term
| What do dimorphic fungi grow as at room temperature? |
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Definition
| moulds (produce infectious spores!) |
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Term
| what do dimorphic fungi grow as at elevated temperatures? |
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Definition
| yeast! (body temperature!! - found in body) |
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Term
| How do fungi cause disease? |
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Definition
| growth on body surfaces, invasion of body, allergic reactions, toxins after ingestion (mushrooms) |
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Term
| Which yeasts cause infection? |
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Definition
| Candida albicans and other species |
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Term
| Where is candida albicans commensal? |
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Definition
| mucous membranse in GI; rapidly colonizes damaged skin |
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Term
| Where is the candida species commensal? |
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Definition
| skin, mucous membranse and environment |
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Term
| Mucocutaneous yeast infections are caused primarily by which fungi? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are oral infections of candida albicans? |
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Definition
| thrush, stomatitis (dentures sore mouth), chelitis (angular erosions with pustules) |
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Term
| What types of mucocutaneous Yeast infections happen in the vagina? |
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Definition
| thrush (as for oral candidasis) |
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Term
| what types of mucocutaneous yeast infections happen in the GI tract? |
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Definition
| esophageal spread from oral; GI a source for candida infection but no local symptoms; perianal area |
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Term
| What are the local symptoms of someone with GI tract source of Candida infection? |
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Definition
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Term
Which fungi is predominantly the cause of superficial yeasts infections?
What is the cause of skin ones and what is the cause of nail ones? |
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Definition
C albicans!
Skin: - intertrigo (damp areas)
- diaper rash (poor hygeine)
nails: - frequend immersion in water |
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Term
| urinary catheters and foreign bodies is associated with what? |
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Definition
| urinary tract infections of candida species |
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Term
| what give a predisposition for endocarditis yeast infection? |
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Definition
| prostetic valves and IV drug use |
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Term
| When does yeast infected septicemia occur? |
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Definition
in immuno suppressed
most in recovery period
solid organs when WBC recover after immunosuppression or in fundi of eye |
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Term
| What is the diagnosis of yeast infections? |
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Definition
clinical suspicion
microscopy (KOH, gram stain)
clutures (several dais) |
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Term
| What is the treatment of yeast infections? |
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Definition
fluconazole often
superficial may be treated with nystatin |
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Term
What is cryptococcus neoformans?
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Definition
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Term
What yeast causes subclincial and mild pneumonia but can spread anc ause chronic and fatal meningitis?
what else can it cause? |
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Definition
cryptococcus neoformans
can also cause disseminated infection in immunosuppressed (HIV) |
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Term
Where are cryptococcus found?
what type is found there? |
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Definition
vancouver island and mainland
C gattii
less often elsewhere in canada |
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