Term
| increase in number of cells |
|
Definition
| In microbiology, growth is defined as an |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bacteria divide by a process known as |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When a bacterial cell grows to twice their size and form a partition, it is known as |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The partition from bacterial growth divides the cell into |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| daughter cells relation to parent cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the time it takes for one bacterial cell to divide into two daughter cells |
|
|
Term
| environmental conditions and type of bacteria |
|
Definition
| generation time is controlled by |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| clostridium parfringens division time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| growing bacterial population doubles at a regular interval when under favorable conditions, this is called |
|
|
Term
| typical bacterial growth curve |
|
Definition
| a fresh medium is inoculated with a given number of cells and the population growth is monitored over a period of time, plotting the data yields |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| phase of high metabolic activity immediately after inoculation when cell grows in size but NOT population |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cell starts to divide rapidly; generation time equation can be used |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| limited by food and other nutrients and by space and toxins; byproducts accumulate; growth plateaus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cell population decreases |
|
|
Term
| chemically-defined (synthetic) medium |
|
Definition
| exact composition is known; uses pure biochemicals; minimum nutritional requirement of bacteria known |
|
|
Term
| complex (undefined) medium |
|
Definition
| composition not known; uses complex material of biological origin (beef extract, milk, yeast extract); cultivates unknown bacteria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| allows growth of one type of bacteria and suppresses others - ex. EMB - allows growth of gram negative bacteria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| differentiate between different species of bacteria - ex. blood agar differentiates between E. coli and staph epidermis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| favor the growth of certain bacteria over others - ex. selenite f increases salmonella and decreases E. coli |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| microbial growth can be controlled by heat and UV light |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| microbial growth control by antiseptic, disinfectants, and sanitizers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most common and easily available methods for controlling bacterial growth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| moist heat causes destruction of microorganisms by denaturation of these |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most common method of moist sterilization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| samples are placed in a ______________ during autoclaving |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| heated, closed chamber that steam forces air out of the vents or exhausts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| incineration and flaming are examples of these sterilization methods |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| developed by Louis Pasteur - uses heat to reduce the number of bacteria and all pathogenic bacteria are killed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| time and temperature for pasteurization |
|
|
Term
| 121 deg C after pressure of 15psi for 30 minutes |
|
Definition
| time and temperature for autoclave |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| can sterilize surfaces and transparent objects but damaging to plastics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| antimicrobial agents applied to living tissues/skin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| antiseptics that destroy bacteria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| antiseptics that inhibit bacterial growth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bacteria that grows in 100 deg C and found in hot springs and deep sea hydrothermal vents |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bacteria that grows between 45 and 100 deg C and found in hot springs as well as decaying plant matter like peat bogs and compost |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bacteria that grows in moderate temperatures of -20 and 45 deg C and found widespread in nature |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bacteria that grows in -10 deg C or lower and found in under sea ice in polar regions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bacteria that grows in pH between 5.5 and 8 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bacteria that grows in pH<5 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bacteria that grows in pH>8 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bacteria that requires NaCl for growth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bacteria that requires 1-6% salt |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bacteria that requires 6-15% salt |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bacteria that requires 15-30% NaCl for growth and found among archaea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bacteria that grow at moderate NaCl concentrations but best in the absence of NaCl |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| organisms able to live in environments high in sugar |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| organisms that live in dry environments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cannot grow without an abundant supply of oxygen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bacteria that require a minimum level of oxygen for growth (1-10%) and well below the 21% found in the atmosphere |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cannot survive in presence of oxygen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| organisms that thrive in the presence of oxygen but also grow in its absence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| indifferent to the presence of oxygen; usually have fermentative metabolism but not harmed by the presence of oxygen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| destroy all microorganisms including endospores |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chemicals that kill microorganisms but not necessarily endospores and used on surfaces |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reduces microbial numbers but do to sterilize |
|
|
