Term
DNA GYRASE.
What kind of coil created? In what? How? |
|
Definition
| The enzyme responsible for underwinding the double stranded DNA molecule in bacteria. This creates a negative supercoil. |
|
|
Term
DNA Topoisomerase.
What uses it? How does it coil? |
|
Definition
| Enzyme used by archaea to overwind the DNA strands into positive supercoils |
|
|
Term
| Domains (DNA). Why are they important? |
|
Definition
| relaxed cytoplasmic loops of chromosomal DNA. spaced between sequences of high protein binding. cruicial for prokaryotic gene expression and chromosome replication |
|
|
Term
Quinolones
What are they used for? |
|
Definition
| Inhibit supercoiling, strand nicking and supercoil relaxation that prevent DNA replication. Good antibacterials. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Circular molecules of supercoiled DNA. Much smaller than a chromosome. encode no essential functions for cell growth. Found in some but not all prokaryotes. |
|
|
Term
| What gene functions do plasmids contain? |
|
Definition
| antibiotic resistance, metabolism of exotic organic compounds, plasmid incompatibility, cell to cell plasmid transfer and cell segregation |
|
|
Term
Intergenic Distance
Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes |
|
Definition
| Space between DNA. Also refers to how much "junk DNA" there is between genes. Prokaryotic gene info is spaced b/w 3-9 nucleotides. Eukaryotes have space of 150-350 nucleotides. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| DNA sequences capable of changing their location in a host genome. Also referred to as "jumping genes". RARE CELLULAR EVENT |
|
|
Term
| Nonreplicative transposition |
|
Definition
| transposable element physically removed from original genome site and reintegrated in a "cut and paste" mechanism to a new genome. |
|
|
Term
| Replicative Transposition |
|
Definition
| one transposable element remains at its original genome site while a second copy is inserted elsewhere |
|
|
Term
Operons
What is their role in DNA replication? |
|
Definition
| What organizes prokaryotic genes into a single transcriptional unit to be under the control of one promoter. |
|
|
Term
| What protein assists RNA polymerase in binding to a promoter? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do consensus sequence promoters do for DNA replication? What do they produce? |
|
Definition
| Make it easy for bacterial RNA polymerases to recognize and begin transcription. Produce consistent amountts of protein |
|
|
Term
| What kind of operon would use a weak promoter? |
|
Definition
| A lac operon or any operon under dynamic control. Allow for more control of gene expression |
|
|
Term
Rho protein
What is it? What does it do? |
|
Definition
| protein that binds to single stranded mRNA molecules. Clamp around mRNA molecules to eventually displace RNA polymerase and end mRNA transcription |
|
|
Term
| Rho-dependent transcription termination |
|
Definition
| mRNA transcription that is depending on Rho to end |
|
|
Term
Rho-independent transcription termination
What does it use instead to end mRNA transcription? |
|
Definition
| Uses an inverted repeat sequence of DNA that forms a stem-loop structure. is then immediately followed by a series of adenine nucleotides that work to end transcription |
|
|
Term
polycistronic mRNA molecule
what is it? what does it contain? |
|
Definition
| transcribed from operon structural genes. contain ribosome binding, translation initiation and transcription termination sequences. |
|
|
