Term
| Types of microbes we will study in this course are... |
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Definition
| Viruses, bacteria, algae, protozoa and fungi |
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Term
| Anton Van Leeuwanhoek developed a type of... |
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Definition
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Term
| Louis Pasteur developed the method of sanitizing liquids known as... |
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Definition
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Term
| What did both Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch do? |
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Definition
| Contributed to germ theory of disease |
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Term
| What is the germ theory of disease? |
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Definition
| A particular species of pathogen causes a disease adn must be present in order to cause that disease |
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Term
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Definition
| A re-emerging disease because it is often drug-resistant |
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Term
| Cell theory states that... |
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Definition
| Cells can only come from cells, that is, a cell divides into two cells but can't appear out of nothing |
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Term
| Do prokaryotic cells have a nucleus? |
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Definition
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Term
| Are bacteria and archaea prokaryotes? |
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Definition
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Term
| Are prions and viruses prokaryotes? |
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Definition
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Term
| Do eukaryotic cells always have a cell wall? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is it true that autotrophs require organic molecules for energy and that they depend on heterotrophs to provide these molecules? |
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Definition
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Term
| Cells with a nucleus and internal compartments are... |
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Definition
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Term
| SOME bacterial species can survive long periods in heat, dryness, or lack of nutrients, how do they do this? |
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Definition
| They produce endospores, which germinate when conditions improve |
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Term
| Why do we classify organisms? |
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Definition
| If we group by characteristics then we know something about every organism in that group. Helps us learn faster. |
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Term
| Which of the following cell structures do prokaryotic cells have but eukaryotic do not? |
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Definition
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Term
| A small circular piece of DNA that contains several genes useful to a bacterium is called |
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Definition
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Term
| Example of a simple microscope |
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Definition
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Term
| The distance between two objects at which they appear as one object is |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following statements about media is true? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Can be tube with one species.
Can be plate with one species.
Can be an individual colony
Is important for research |
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Term
| How can you get a pure culture from a tube with 3 different organisms? |
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Definition
| Streak plate using 3 streak method to get isolated colonies. THen inoculate a new plate with each colony |
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Term
| Which objective lens is the best for observing bacteria? |
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Definition
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Term
| The generation time of a bacterial species is... |
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Definition
| Time is takes for a cell to double in size AND divide |
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Term
| What is the energy currency? |
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Definition
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Term
| Series of reactions that converts glucose into pyruvate is... |
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Definition
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Term
| In aerobic respiration, the terminal electron acceptor is oxygen, while in anaerobic respiration teh terminal electron acceptor is something other than oxygen |
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Definition
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Term
| What is all reactions in the cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is anabolism the reaction in the cell that use energy to MAKE bonds? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why does a cell use an electron transport chain? |
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Definition
| To generate a proton gradient to make ATP |
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Term
| What do the extra folds of membrane help nitrifying bacteria do? |
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Definition
| Increase the surface area of membrane, which is where teh nitrifying reactions take place |
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Term
| Organism that prefer extremely high temps |
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Definition
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Term
| Organism that can tolerate high salt... |
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Definition
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Term
| Organism that prefer low temps |
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Definition
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Term
| Organisms that prefer acidic conditions |
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Definition
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Term
| Organisms that need higher concentrations of CO2 |
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Definition
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Term
| When bacterial chromosome is copied by DNA polymerase |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following statements about DNA are true? |
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Definition
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Term
| Experiment by Avery, Macleod and McCarty, where heat-killed S strain bacteria were sepearated into componenets showed |
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Definition
| R strain acquired something from dead S strain that allowed them to be virulent |
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Term
| Gener that is always turned on (always making protein product) is... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| How can bacteria develop resistance to a particular antimicrobial agent |
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Definition
| Chromosomal mutation or acquisition of new gene |
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Term
| Process by which some bacteria can take up DNA from environment |
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Definition
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Term
| Results in some phage with DNA from the bacterial chromosome INSTEAD OF viral genes |
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Definition
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Term
| Results in some phage with DNA from the bacterial chromosome IN ADDITION to viral genes |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following processes do NOT include viruses |
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Definition
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Term
| A mutation taht results in a stop codon |
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Definition
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Term
| Mutation that results in a different amino acid |
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Definition
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Term
| Mutation that results in no change to the protein |
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Definition
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Term
| Insertion or deletion of 1 or 2 nucleotides |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Produce food
Degrade wastes
Biogeochemical cycles
Natural microflora |
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Term
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Definition
| Harbor and feed nitrogen fixing organisms in nodules in their roots |
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Term
| Bubbles in bread and gas released from fermenting wine is |
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Definition
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Term
| Live microorganisms which when administered in sufficient quantities may improve health are |
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Definition
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Term
| Associated with mad cow in humans |
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Definition
| Variant Creutzfeld-Jacob disease |
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Term
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Definition
| Destroying nerve tissues by causing protein aggregates |
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Term
| Which of the following is not one of the three virus coat shapes |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the ways we classify viruses |
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Definition
| nucleic acid, viral coat, organism it infects, tissue it infects |
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Term
| Virus or nucleic acid enters cell |
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Definition
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Term
| Nucleic acid is copied, and viral components are made |
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Definition
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Term
| Virus attaches to cell by binding ot specific receptors |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Complete viruses are built |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy |
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Term
| Viruses have DNA or RNA as their genetic material but NOT both |
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Definition
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Term
| All viruses have an envelope |
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Definition
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Term
| Viruses have to attach or adsorb to a cell before they can infect |
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Definition
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Term
| Phage therapy is a treatment in which we use a virus specific to bacteria to control bacterial infections |
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Definition
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Term
| A temperate or lysogenic phage |
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Definition
| Can either replicate and kill cell or integrate into genome and wait. |
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Term
| Gram positive characteristics |
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Definition
Thick cell wall
Stains purple
No outer membrane |
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Term
| Gram negative characteristics |
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Definition
Thin cell wall
Stains pink
Outer membrane |
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Term
| Difference between simple and differential staine |
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Definition
Simple shows shape
Differential shows different groups? |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Motility medium tests organisms ability to |
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Definition
| swim away from inoculation point |
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Term
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Definition
| selective and differential |
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Term
| Describe tube to plate transfer |
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Definition
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Term
| What two groups does acid fast stain show us how |
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Definition
Acid fast are red
Non acid fast are blue |
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