Term
|
Definition
| No, it can direct life, but has no metabolism, no cytoplasm, organelles. |
|
|
Term
| T/F Bacteria outnumber viruses. |
|
Definition
| False - viruses outnumber 10:1. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Surrounds the genome in a virus. |
|
|
Term
| Can a virus have both RNA and DNA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| No viral envelope, which is stolen from the host cell. |
|
|
Term
| Describe the virus contents. |
|
Definition
| DNA xor RNA, a few viral proteins for replication, and a protein shell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Extracellular form of a virus - also called virus particle. |
|
|
Term
| What are the contents of a nucleocapsid? |
|
Definition
| DNA xor RNA, structural proteins/protein shell, enzymes and nucleic acid binding proteins, and Nucleocapsid may be the outer structure (if it's naked). |
|
|
Term
| What is the envelope made of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is hardier - naked or not naked virus? |
|
Definition
| Naked - resistant to the environment. The lipid bilayer of envelope makes it more "fussy". |
|
|
Term
| How does our I/S recognize viruses? |
|
Definition
| The viral proteins that project out of the membrane for attachment - peplomers, spikes, VAPs). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A viral nucleocapsid structure - can be icosahedral - 20 sides, or alpha helical shaped (coiled). |
|
|
Term
| Name nucleocapsid structures? |
|
Definition
| Capsomeres, helical(rod) or icosahedral, bacteriophage (spaceship). |
|
|
Term
| How do we get rid of viruses? |
|
Definition
| Antibody response can kill it, but not clear it. Need CMI. |
|
|
Term
| Name the 2 bacteriophage lifecycles. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the details of the lytic lifecycle? |
|
Definition
| attach, penetrate, inject (no uncoating), biosynthesis, maturation (assembly of new virus), release (lysis of the host cell). |
|
|
Term
| What is the process of DNA integrating into the chromosome, and the virus sitting dormant in the cell? |
|
Definition
| Lysogenic life cycle of bacteriophage. |
|
|
Term
| Where does an envelope come from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Viral attachment protein. |
|
|
Term
| What does influenza have that helps it attach to its host cell? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do enveloped viruses spread? |
|
Definition
| Needs moisture - airborne droplets, secretions, etc... Fragile b/c of membrane lipids. Also has VAPS, spikes, peplomers, etc... |
|
|
Term
| What happens in the Attachment phase of viral replication? |
|
Definition
| Uses specific receptors, bacteriophages use tail fibers. |
|
|
Term
| What happens in the Penetration phase of viral replication? |
|
Definition
| Animal viruses are taken up by endocytosis, whole virus inside the cell. Bacteriophages attach and inject their material. Some bacteria have a primitive I/S to chop up foreign DNA to protect against bacteriophages. |
|
|
Term
| What happens in the Synthesis phase of viral replication? |
|
Definition
| Bacteriophages - all steps in the cytoplasm. Animal viruses - diff for DNA, RNA. |
|
|
Term
| How does a DNA virus replicate itself? |
|
Definition
| Replicate in the nucles and use ribosomes in the cytoplasm. |
|
|
Term
| How does positive sense RNA replicate? |
|
Definition
| They use negative sense RNA to transcribe mRNA in the nucleus, then the proteins are made in the cytoplasm. |
|
|
Term
| How does negative sense RNA replicate? |
|
Definition
| Converted to +sense, then the positive sense RNA is used as mRNA to directly make proteins. |
|
|
Term
| What happens in the Assembly phase of viral replication - where does it occur? |
|
Definition
| Cytoplasm of the host cell, some viruses need envelope from the host cell. |
|
|
Term
| What happens during the Release phase of viral replication? |
|
Definition
| Lytic cycle - host cell is killed when virus lyses. After lying dormant in lysogenic cycle, it can enter lytic cycle an lyse. In eukaryotic viruses, infection leads to lysis or budding. |
|
|
Term
| How are viruses classified? |
|
Definition
| Size, morphology, nucleic acid content, structure, diseases causes, means of transmission, host cell. |
|
|
Term
| What is the Baltimore System? |
|
Definition
| Viral classification system. Most used currently. 7 families that considers structure, biochemical characteristics, genome structure, and mode of replication. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Virus host cell specificity - determined by VAPs on the surface. Ex. Hep C is hepatotropic. Some have a wide range, some very narrow. |
|
|
Term
| Describe a typical viral growth curve. |
|
Definition
| Wish I could copy the chart in here. On Section 10 handout. |
|
|
Term
| What is the viral burst size in a viral growth curve? |
|
Definition
| The number of virions produced when a cell lyses. Ranges from a few to 1000s. |
|
|
Term
| What is the replication cycle in a viral growth curve. |
|
Definition
| Process that starts when a virion enters a cell and ends when virions are released. |
|
|
Term
| T/F A typical human virus replication cycle is 48-72 hrs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the eclipse period of a viral growth curve? |
|
Definition
| The period of time between infection by a virus and the appearance of the mature virus within the cell. If you're exposed during this time you won't get infected. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Biosynthesis of viruses happens in steps. Proteins needed initially for replication are Early Proteins. |
|
|
Term
| What are Late Proteins (examples)? |
|
Definition
| Proteins needed by a virus to assemble virions. Include capsomeres and capsids. |
|
|
Term
| Name the 7 Baltimore classification categories. |
|
Definition
| dsDNA, ssDNA, dsRNA, +sense ssRNA, -sense ssRNA, RNA reverse transcribing viruses, DNA reverse transcribing viruses. |
|
|
Term
| Describe the replication of dsDNA viruses. |
|
Definition
| host cell needs to transcribe the DNA->RNA->protein. Host cell already knows how to do this. |
|
|
Term
| Describe the replication of ssDNA viruses. |
|
Definition
| Translocated to the nucleus. Synthesizes into dsDNA. This is how our DNA is replicated, so machinery is already in place to do that. |
|
|
Term
| Describe the replication of dsRNA viruses. |
|
Definition
| Viruses have an enzyme to make mRNA. Can then translate this to a protein. Viral RNA polymerase. |
|
|
Term
| Describe the replication of +sense ssRNA viruses. |
|
Definition
| Could be directly used as mRNA to make a protein. But making more copies is a problem. A viral enzyme is needed to copy. |
|
|
Term
| Describe the replication of -sense ssRNA viruses. |
|
Definition
| This must be converted to +sense. Can then be used as mRNA. |
|
|
Term
| Describe the replication of RNA reverse transcribing viruses. |
|
Definition
| RNA->DNA. Virus needs to bring an enzyme to do that. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hepadnaviridae, Herpesviridae, Adenoviridae, Poxviridae, Papillomaviridae, Parvoviridae, Polyoma. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the naked DNA viruses. |
|
Definition
| Pre-PAP... Polyoma, Papilloma, Adenovirus, Parvovirus (Not Pox). |
|
|
Term
| Name the reverse DNA virus. |
|
Definition
| Hepadnaviridae - Hepatic DNA virus. |
|
|
Term
| Name the positive ss RNA viruses. |
|
Definition
| A RETRO TOGA party with FLAVorful PICO de gaillo and CORONAs. |
|
|
Term
| Name the negative ss RNA viruses. |
|
Definition
| Paramyxo, Orthomyxo, Rhabdo, Filo, Bunva, Arena. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Easy - Retroviridae - HIV. |
|
|
Term
| What unique problem is presented to viruses using eukaryotic ribosomes? |
|
Definition
| Eukaryotic cells generally uses monocistronic (one protein for one mRNA) and the virus has polycistronic mRNA. |
|
|
Term
| How does HIV adapt to the monocistronic/polycistronic problem? |
|
Definition
| The virus makes monocistronic mRNA, the host cleaves the viral mRNA into monocistronic, a long polyprotein is made then cut, viral mRNA has sites for ribosomes to internally AND at 5' end. |
|
|
Term
| List virus virulence factors. |
|
Definition
| Attachment proteins, enzyme. |
|
|
Term
| What is an attenuated virus? |
|
Definition
| Lost its virulence factors. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Viruses in the blood. Can then spread to secondary site. |
|
|
Term
| What is significant about your I/S fighting a viral infection. |
|
Definition
| Must kill your own cell since it's intracellular. Cytokines cause dmg. Immune complexes and complement also cause damage. |
|
|
Term
| What is viral incubation period? How is it measured? |
|
Definition
| Time between exposure and symptoms. Usually measured in days to years. |
|
|
Term
| What is the significance of a latent viral infection - how does this relate to a chronic infection? |
|
Definition
| Latent - viral genome present, but shed virus is NOT DETECTABLE. Chronic - small amt of virus is present. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inhalation, fecal/oral, blood. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cell to cell transfer w/out being exposed to your I/S. |
|
|
Term
| How can viruses cause cancer? |
|
Definition
| Provide/Activate growth stimulating genes, Remove stops for DNA synthesis and growth, Prevent apoptosis, Integrate into host and turn on neighboring genes, Cause cells to divide faster and get more mutations. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tissue culture or live animals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cytopathic effect of the virus - what you see. CMV - large cells, inclusion bodies - negri bodies, rabies in brain, HSV, Varicella-Zoster, etc.... |
|
|
Term
| How are viruses diagnosed? |
|
Definition
| Serology, detection of viral components, symptoms, history, isolation and growth, electron microscope. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Antivirals, Disrupt the virion (envelope, stop infection), Block attachment, Block penetration and uncoating, Block RNA synthesis/transcription, Blcok genome replication, Protein Synthesis, Virion Assembly and Release, Stimulate Host I/S. |
|
|
Term
| What is the only known human virus of the Polyoma family? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Yes - although we don't know why. Rarely causes disease in monkeys unless infected w/ SIV. It does bind MHC I, so the I/S doesn't see the cell. |
|
|
Term
| What is the shape of the capsid and nucleic acid of HPV? |
|
Definition
| Naked nucleocapsid, icosahedral capsule. |
|
|
Term
| What virus causes cervical cancer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Gardasil a vaccine for? |
|
Definition
| HPV (HSV) - combines 16, 18, 6, and 11 capsid proteins. |
|
|
Term
| Where does HPV replicate? |
|
Definition
| Squamous cell epithelium. Becomes warts. Causes cell proliferation in mucosa/cutaneous. Inhibits tumor suppressor, so unchecked growth. |
|
|
Term
| What are some disease caused by adenoviruses? |
|
Definition
| Resp. infections, Conjunctivits, Pharyngoconjunctival fever in infants, Gastroenteritis, |
|
|
Term
| How is adenovirus transmitted? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| DS DNA naked nucleocapsid icosahedral virus. |
|
|
Term
| What virus is used as a vector for gene therapy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the herpes virus. |
|
Definition
| Enveloped DS DNA virus w/ icosahedral capsidds. Can cause latent and recurrent infections. |
|
|
Term
| What is the only virus family w/ a nuclear envelope (instead of an outer cell membrane)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name some diseases caused by Herpes. |
|
Definition
| HSV 1, HSV2, Varicella Zoster, Cytomegalovirus, EBV, Herpes Virus-8. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Herpes Simplex Virus 1 infects the lips/face/skin/oral cavity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who is at risk with HSV 1/2? |
|
Definition
| Immunosuppressed, newborns, can spread to brain and be fatal. |
|
|
Term
| How are HSV-1/HSV-2 acuired? |
|
Definition
| Cuts, infection. HSV-2 is an STD. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mucoepithelial cells. Latent in neurons. |
|
|
Term
| What does Varicella Zoster cause? |
|
Definition
| Chicken pox/shingles. Infects mucoepithelial cells, latent in neurons, resp. and close contact transmission. |
|
|
Term
| Where does Zoster lie dormant? |
|
Definition
| Neurons - they'll follow the nerve track. |
|
|
Term
| What does Varicella/Zoster spread thru? |
|
Definition
| Macs, so it spreads quickly. |
|
|
Term
| Which Herpes disease do we have a vaccine for? What type of vaccine? |
|
Definition
| Live attenuated for Varicella/Zoster. |
|
|
Term
| What cells does CMV infect? |
|
Definition
| monocytes, lymphocytes and epithelial cells, latent in monocytes and lymphocytes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| close contact, transfusions, tissues, congenital. |
|
|
Term
| What has caused CMV to be worse? |
|
Definition
| More prevalent due to HIV - immunosuppressed. Also pregos at risk. |
|
|
Term
| T/F Most of us have had CMV. |
|
Definition
| True - just not serious to us. |
|
|
Term
| What caused Jimmer Fredette to miss a critical stretch of last season? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What cells does EBV infect? |
|
Definition
| B-cells - Jimmer played for BYU. Also epithelial cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Spit - the kissing disease. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2-3 weeks, no vaccine or treatment. That's why Jimmer took a month to get back to normal. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mono spot. Your serum + sheep RBCs -> clumping. |
|
|
Term
| What is associated with Burkitts lymphoma? |
|
Definition
| EBV and co-infection w/ malaria. |
|
|
Term
| What causes Kaposi's Sarcoma? |
|
Definition
| Herpes 8 - Type of skin cancer. |
|
|
Term
| Why do AIDS pts get Kaposi's Sarcoma? |
|
Definition
| Type of skin cancer, need T cells to clear it. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is unique about the Pox replication cycle? |
|
Definition
| Replicates in the cytoplasm - brings in enzymes to copy its DNA. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Variola - one of these is small pox. Also Molluscum contagiosu (warts - only spread by close contact, sex and fomites), vaccinia virus (cowbox), monkeypox (milder, 1-10% fatal). |
|
|
Term
| Talk about the small pox virus. |
|
Definition
| Spread by inhalation, travels in blood, fatal, acute, highly infections. BIG CANDIDATE FOR BIOTERRORISM. No treatment. |
|
|
Term
| Describe the Parvo Virus family. |
|
Definition
| SS naked DNA (only SS one). |
|
|
Term
| Name the SS naked DNA virus? |
|
Definition
| Parvovirus. This is a small virus - needs growing cells to replicate. |
|
|
Term
| What disease does Parvovirus cause? |
|
Definition
| Strain B19 causes Fifths disease. Slapped cheek, Fever, problem for anemic kids. |
|
|
Term
| What causes slapped cheek syndrome? |
|
Definition
| Parvovirus, B19, Fifths Disease. |
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of the Picorna virus family? |
|
Definition
| Small, SS + strand naked RNA, icosahedral capsid. |
|
|
Term
| Which Picornavirus that is not stable in acid (the rest are stable)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Picorna virus doesn't need to bring in its own enzymes. |
|
Definition
| False - brings in proteases and RNA dependent RNA polymerase. |
|
|
Term
| Name the 3 important genera of Picornaviruses. |
|
Definition
| Enterovirus, Rhinovirus, Hepatovirus. |
|
|
Term
| T/F Picornavirus is cytolytic. |
|
Definition
| True. Repicates and spreads quickly as well. |
|
|
Term
| What do polio and coxsackie viruses belong to (family/genus)? |
|
Definition
| Picornavirus family, Enterovirus genus. |
|
|
Term
| What makes Enteroviruses resistant to harsh conditions (GI tract and sewage)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which enterovirus has a vaccine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fecal contamination of water. |
|
|
Term
| Describe the lifecycle of the polio virus? |
|
Definition
| Replicates in pharynx and GI tract, enters bloodstream, then goes to the CNS. |
|
|
Term
| Why does polio cause paralysis? |
|
Definition
| It's cytolytic for motor neurons. |
|
|
Term
| Name the vector/reservoir for polio. |
|
Definition
| Us (so no vector). So this can be eliminated. |
|
|
Term
| Herpangina is caused by what? |
|
Definition
| Coxsackievirus - Group A - not related to Herpes virus - hand/foot/mouth. Also causes conjunctivities. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Coxsackievirus - Group B. Myocardial/pericardial infections. |
|
|
Term
| How are enteroviruses treated? |
|
Definition
| Antiviral pleoconaril - prevents penetration into the cell. Must be given early. |
|
|
Term
| T/F Sabin is inactivated polio vaccine. |
|
Definition
| False - Sabin is Oral - live attenuated. |
|
|
Term
| What does Rhinovirus belong to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F There just a few serotypes of Rhinovirus. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is Rhinovirus treated? |
|
Definition
| Nasal vasoconstrictors, antiviral pleocarnil for asthmatics. |
|
|
Term
| Describe the calci virus family. |
|
Definition
| Postive sense SS RNA naked capsid icosahedral. |
|
|
Term
| What causes Norwalk virus? |
|
Definition
| Calcivirus. This is the prototype. |
|
|
Term
| What causes 50% of gastroenteritis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is Norwalk virus treated? |
|
Definition
| Prevention and rehydration. Must use bleach or steam to prevent. |
|
|
Term
| T/F the infections dose is very high for Norwalk virus. |
|
Definition
| False - very low b/c it' stable in acid, bleach. Need fresh conc. bleach or steam. |
|
|
Term
| What is the only +SS RNA enveloped virus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does Coronavirus survive in the GI tract? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the 2nd most prevalent cause of the common cold? |
|
Definition
| Coronavirus. Also found in GI tract. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of the Paramyxovirus? |
|
Definition
| -Sense, SS RNA - enveloped, helical nucleocapsid. |
|
|
Term
| How can you tell family members of the Paramyxofamily apart? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Paramyxoviruses induce cell fusion? |
|
Definition
| True - they induce cell fusion - giant multi-nucleated cells. |
|
|
Term
| What causes measles/rubeola? |
|
Definition
| Paramyxovirus, morbillivirus genus. Highly contagious - droplet transmission - not prevalent due to vaccines. |
|
|
Term
| What causes Koplik's spots? |
|
Definition
| Paramyxovirus, on the buccal mucosa. |
|
|
Term
| What family/genus is parainfluenza part of? |
|
Definition
| Paramyxovirus/paramyxovirus. |
|
|
Term
| What kind of vaccine is the rubella vaccine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is infected in rubella? |
|
Definition
| Testes/CNS - due to viremia. |
|
|
Term
| What do Nipah and Hendra belong to? |
|
Definition
| Paramyxovirus - unassigned genus. Broad host range - accidental host causes DEADLY OUTCOME. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Paramyxovirus Pneuovirus genus. |
|
|
Term
| How are infants w/ RSV treated? |
|
Definition
| Ribavarin - inhaled. Also Ig shots - anti-RSV - somebody else's antibodies. |
|
|
Term
| What causes Influenza A/B/C? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Orthomyxovirus is hardier than most enveloped viruses. |
|
Definition
| True - can live on fomites for a day. |
|
|
Term
| Name the VAP that elicits antibody response on orthomyxoviruses. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Enzyme important for release in orthomyxovirus. Target for drug therapy. |
|
|
Term
| Describe the orthomyxovirus. |
|
Definition
| SS -sense RNA enveloped helical virus. |
|
|
Term
| T/F vaccines are available for orthomyxovirus. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are orthomyxos treated? |
|
Definition
| Antivirals - stop attachment and uncoating. |
|
|
Term
| How are influenzas classified? |
|
Definition
| Time/Place of orig isolation/Antigen HA and NA. |
|
|
Term
| What disease is associated with Reye's syndrome? |
|
Definition
| Influenza B and chick pox and aspirin. Anyone <19 shouldn't be given aspirin. |
|
|
Term
| Describe the Rhabdovirus family. |
|
Definition
| Enveloped -sense SS helical RNA virus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Rabies has never been fatal. |
|
Definition
| False - before vaccine it was 100% fatal. Replicates for days/months at site of bite/inhalation, goes to CNS then brain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Vaccine/antibodies. Takes a long time to replicate. Ab can block spread during incubation period. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Negri bodies in neurons. CPE in neurons. |
|
|
Term
| What is the reservoir for rabies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the important diseases caused by Filovirus family? |
|
Definition
| Ebola and Genus Marburg virus. Hemorrhagic fevers. |
|
|
Term
| Where is Filovirus endemic? |
|
Definition
| Africa - spread by bats/monkeys/humans/syringes. |
|
|
Term
| How is Filovirus treated? |
|
Definition
| Anti-serum, quarantine, killing infected animals. |
|
|
Term
| Describe the Reovirus family. |
|
Definition
| DS + RNA - segmented genome. |
|
|
Term
| T/F Reovirus is enveloped. |
|
Definition
| False - double layered icosahedral protein capsids. |
|
|
Term
| T/F Reovirus is stable in acids. |
|
Definition
| True - also airborne transmission. |
|
|
Term
| What types of illnesses are caused by Orthoreovirus. |
|
Definition
| Not treated, not surveyed. Mostly asymptomatic in humans, mild upper resp/ GI, biliary atresial (Gall bladder blockage). |
|
|
Term
| Where is Ortheovirus genus found? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What family is Ortheovirus in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What family is Rotavirus in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What types of illnesses are caused by rotavirus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is Rotavirus transmitted? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who does Rotavirus infect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| True - stable in env., may resist handwashing, survives stomach acid. |
|
|
Term
| T/F Rotavirus does not have a vaccine. |
|
Definition
| False - live attenuated - oral - so you're trying to give local immuninity. |
|
|
Term
| What causes 50% of all diarrhea in kids < 2 years old? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What types of illnesses are caused by coltiviruses? |
|
Definition
| Colorado Tick Fever - CO and West US, Canada. |
|
|
Term
| What are the reservoir/vector of coltvirus? |
|
Definition
| Rodents (reservoir) Ticks (Vector). |
|
|
Term
| How do you treat coltvirus (CO tick fever)? |
|
Definition
| It resolves itself. Fever, headache, myalgia, rash. Not reportable so no good stats. |
|
|
Term
| How is coltvirus (CO tick fever) diagnosed? |
|
Definition
| Blood serology, rule out RMSF - which is bacterial, treated w/ abx). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| + SS RNA icosahedral. Enveloped. |
|
|
Term
| Name 2 generas of togavirus. |
|
Definition
| Alphavirus (not important human pathogen) and Rubivirus. |
|
|
Term
| What is unique about rubivirus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does rubivirus cause? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are Forchhiemer's Spots associated with? |
|
Definition
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Term
| Can rubella cause abortion? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the vaccine for Rubivirus? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| How are arboviruses (Flaviviridae) transmitted? |
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Definition
| Mosquitoes - think Dengue/Yellow Fever. |
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Term
| What causes West Nile/Dengue/Yellow Fever? |
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Definition
| Arboviruses/Flaviviridae. |
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Term
| Describe the Bunyaviridae family. |
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Definition
| Enveloped segmented - ssRNA. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bunyaviridae. Rodent (urine) spread - lethal - pulmonary disease. |
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Term
| What causes B. Rift valley fever and California? |
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Definition
| Bunyaviridae - though this is mosquito born - disease of livestock. |
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Term
| What organ do hepatoviruses target? |
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Definition
| Liver - jaundice, dark urine, lymphadenopathy and muscle pain. |
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Term
| What family does Hep A belong to? |
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Definition
| Picornavirus - genus Heparnavirus. Generally mild. |
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Term
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Definition
| True - Inactivated by detergents, salt water, drying, autoclave, Cl-, etc... |
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Term
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Definition
| Fecal/oral, water, shellfish, or FOOD PREP WORKERS. |
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Term
| T/F Hep A causes chronic disease. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F Hep A damange is due to the Immune Response. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Antibody (artificial passive) for contacts. |
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Term
| What vaccine is available for Hep A? |
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Definition
| Killed vaccine here (age 2), live in China. |
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Term
| Which Hep Virus is a DNA Virus? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| enveloped partially ds cirucular DNA genome, icosahedral. |
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Term
| T/F Hep B can cause cancer. |
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Definition
| True - integrates into host genome. |
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Term
| What is an infections Hep B particle called? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| needles, sex, perinatally. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hep B - 60-90 days incubation. seroconversion for needle stick so universal precautions taken. |
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Term
| How is a Hep B needle stick treated? |
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Definition
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Term
| What percentage of the world population is infected w/ Hep B? |
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Definition
| 1/3 - that can't be right - double check this. 5% of US - 25% of those have symptoms. |
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Term
| What does the T-cell response from Hep B cause? What kind of immunopathology is this? |
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Definition
| Liver damage. Your T cells kill your liver cells. Type II response. |
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Term
| What kind of immunopathology results from Hep B? |
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Definition
| Type II (vasculities and renal dmg) and Type III. |
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Term
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Definition
| Antivirals aimed at polymerase. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hep B surface antigen - HBsAg - 1st antigen to appear. |
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Term
| T/F If you're seropositive for HBcAg Ab, you could have been vaccinated. |
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Definition
| False - core antigen - host makes IgM to this when you clear the virus, so NOT present from vaccine. |
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Term
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Definition
| HBeAg - comes after HBsAg and this means the virus is very infective, active. |
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Term
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Definition
| Flavivirus - RNA genome. Hepacivurs + sense RNA - enveloped icosahedral. |
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Term
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Definition
| blood, needles, sex, perinatally. |
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Term
| T/F Hep C doesn't cause cancer. |
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Definition
| False - Increases liver cancer - high cell turnover. |
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Term
| Who is infected by Hep C? |
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Definition
| Humans/chimps - 170 million carriers. |
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Term
| Flavivirus causes which Hepatatises? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F Hep G is more serious than Hep C and related? |
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Definition
| False - related yes, but less virulent. Unlikely a major human pathogen. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| IFN-alpha or ribavirin - 50% recovery. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| False - needs HBV as a helper - uses HBV cell to produce protein - viral parasite. SUPERINFECTION TO HBV. Makes it worse. |
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Term
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Definition
| non-enveloped +sense ss RNA. |
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Term
| T/F Hep E disease resembles calcivirus. |
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Definition
| False - DISEASE resembles Hep A, and the VIRUS resembles Calcivirus. |
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Term
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Definition
| Proeinaceous infectious particle. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Binds to your proteins - causes re-forlding. |
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Term
| T/F prions are not antigenic, inflammatory or immunogenic. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F Prions are resistant to heat and radiation. |
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Definition
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Term
| How are prions transmitted? |
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Definition
| Injection, transplantation, contact w/ medical equipment, food, genetics for humal familial |
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Term
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Definition
| No serotests, prevention is key. Need to treat w/ NaOH for autoclave - 30 mins, 1 hour in hour and autoclave, then 1 hour rinse in water. |
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