Term
| What are the two types of immune compromise |
|
Definition
| Primary/congenital and secondary/acquired |
|
|
Term
| What are the types of primary immune compromise |
|
Definition
| Innate and acquired defects |
|
|
Term
| What are 4 innate immune defects and less than a sentence on what each is |
|
Definition
Complement deficiency
Chronic granulmatous disease: lysosomal enz deficiency
Chediak hagashi disease: photolysis one fusion issue
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency: migration and diapedisis deficiency |
|
|
Term
| What are 5 acquired immune defects and less than a sentence on what each is |
|
Definition
SCID: Pro T cannot go to immature T cell
CCID: B cells cannot make antibodies
Amaglobulinemia: pre B cannot go to pro B
DiGeorge: thymic aplasia stops immature T to CD4/8
ANA deficiency: stem cell cannot differentiate into T or B cell |
|
|
Term
| What are 9 general causes of secondary immune deficiency |
|
Definition
Malnutrition
Age
Surgery/ procedures
Smoking
Infection
Drugs
Disease
Burns
Nosocomial |
|
|
Term
| What are four causes of malnutrition leading to immune deficiency |
|
Definition
Diet: protein, calories
Cachexia
Drugs
Parasite blocks absorption |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Wasting associated with anemia and hypoalbuminemia |
|
|
Term
| Why is treating cachexia anemia not a great idea |
|
Definition
| The pt is compromised and increased fe will give bacteria help |
|
|
Term
| 8 diseases that cause immune deficiency |
|
Definition
HIV
Measles
Mumps
Diabetes
Renal
Liver
Cancer
Hsv |
|
|
Term
| How does diabetes cause immune deficiency |
|
Definition
| Decreases opsonization and chemo taxis leading to vascular disease, neuropathy, and infection |
|
|
Term
| What are three common infections of diabetes and their agents of cause |
|
Definition
Skin infection
Otitis: p. aerugrosa, s. Aureus
Zygmucormucosis |
|
|
Term
| How does smoking cause immune deficiency |
|
Definition
| Lung tumors are due decreased clearance of secretions and colonization of microbes |
|
|
Term
| Why are immune suppressants used |
|
Definition
Rheumatoid arthritis
Transplants |
|
|
Term
| Why do antacids cause immune deficiency |
|
Definition
| Increase pH and cause a more favorable environment for some microbes |
|
|
Term
| Why do antibiotics cause immune deficiency |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why does chemo cause immune deficiency |
|
Definition
| Reduces WBC and can cause neutropenia |
|
|
Term
| What three procedures are associated with immune deficiency |
|
Definition
Endoscopy
Radiation
Splenectomy |
|
|
Term
| What is most likely to attack someone with a splenectomy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are four things most likely to infect burns |
|
Definition
GPC normal flora
Aspergillosis
Candidiasis
Pseudomonas aerugrosa |
|
|
Term
| Five common infectious agents in immune deficiency |
|
Definition
Borrelia hermesi
Borrelia recurrants
M. Lepre
Viruses that interfere with mhc 1
HIV |
|
|
Term
| How d a HIV cause immune deficiency |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does m. Lepre cause immune deficiency |
|
Definition
| Reduces humoral and cmi by infecting macrophages and T cells and disseminating to bone, nerves, and nerves |
|
|
Term
| How does borrelia cause immune difficiency |
|
Definition
| Surface antigen alteration |
|
|
Term
| What are four innate defenses and some examples of each |
|
Definition
Barrier: skin, mucosa, urine, saliva, cilia,
Chemicals: complement ph enzymes
Phagocytosis
Mannose lectin binding and alternate complement pathway |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Intracellular organisms activate macrophages, CD 8 and NK Los |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Extra cellular organisms activate neutralization, opsonization, phagocytosis, comolement |
|
|
Term
| What are the two categories of classic pathogens Of immune deficiency |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the opportunist GNR |
|
Definition
Enterobacteriae
P. aerugrosa
Mycobacterium
Strenophoma
Burkholderda |
|
|
Term
| 5 virulence factors of p. aerugrosa |
|
Definition
Polysaccharide capsule: anti phagocytes, antibiotics, alveolar
Protease
Exotoxin A |
|
|
Term
| What does p. aerugrosa look like on an antibiotic plate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are infections p. aerugrosa can cause |
|
Definition
Lower respiratory infection with CF
Bacteremia leading to neutropenia
Skin infections in diabetes and burns: folliculitis, ulcers (ethyema), otitis media |
|
|
Term
| Mhcofacterium virulence factor and it's downfall |
|
Definition
Mycloic acid: resistance to drying, acid alcohol, immune system
Slow growth |
|
|
Term
| How is mycobacterium stained, what part |
|
Definition
| Carbofushion stains membrane (not peptidoglycan or Mycloic acid) |
|
|
Term
| What are the types of mycobacterium, which are opportunists and which are pathogens |
|
Definition
Pathogens: m. Bovis, tb
Opportunist: Mac, m.kansasii |
|
|
Term
| Wag are 5 non systemic fungi that affect compromised |
|
Definition
Candidiasis
Cryptococus neoformins
Pneumocystis jirvocci
Aspergillosis fumbigatous/nigus
Zygomycetes |
|
|
Term
| What are six systemic fungi that affect compromised |
|
Definition
Blastomycosis dermatitis
Coccidioes immitis
H. Capaitulum
Paraccioidoies brasilians
Sporothrix schenkii - inhaled |
|
|
Term
| What are 4 viruses that affect immune compromised |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 4 parasites that affect immune compromised |
|
Definition
Giardiasis
Cryptosporidium parvum
Stronglides
Toxoplasmosis |
|
|
Term
| Five infections candidiasis causes |
|
Definition
Vaginal thrush
Oral thrush
Chronic Mucocutaneous candidiasis (impaired cmi against candidiasis)
Endocarditis
Skin infection |
|
|
Term
| What does h. Capitulum look like in tissue, blood, and as a mold |
|
Definition
Tissue: small irregular yeast
Blood: yeast in macrophage looks bubbly
Mold: microconidia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Aerosol
Bm damage affects alveolar capillary gas exchange |
|
|
Term
| Who does pjs infect most, when |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ground glass granular bilateral on chest X-ray
Thick walled cyst in sputum and tissue |
|
|
Term
| What is the primary site for aspergillosis |
|
Definition
| Lung then it disseminates |
|
|
Term
| Aspergillosis is the causative commonly in these four diseases |
|
Definition
Neutropenia
Transplant marrow
Corticosteroids
Chemo |
|
|
Term
| How is aspergillus identified |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does zygomycs infect |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Zygomyces is the causative agent in these 4 disease |
|
Definition
Diabetes
Chemo
Neutropenia
Steroids |
|
|
Term
| What disease does bk virus cause |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What disease does jc virus cause |
|
Definition
| Progressive multi focal leukoencepholopathy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Inhale
Infect tonsil
Latent in kidney
Moves to marrow
Immune suppression activated
Spreads into blood |
|
|
Term
| Infection process of candia |
|
Definition
Inhale spore
Microcomdia and acrospore recruit pmn and macrophages
Cause inflammation
Move to tissues
Become yeast / sprohule
Go o nodes in lower respiratory hilar and cause suppression
Pulmonary disease and dissemination |
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